Chapter 15: Protein Synthesis

MATES Biotechnology, Sprague 2024

what happens in transcription?

• DNA to RNA

• transcribing/copying instructions

what happens in translation?

• RNA to proteins

  • translating different language

what is the role of a promoter in transcription?

• determines when and where transcription occurs

• sequence or code that turns the gene on like a light switch

what is a codon?

every three bases of RNA nucleotides each corresponding to a specific amino acid

what does transfer RNA (tRNA) do?

transfews amino acids from the cytosol to add to the polypeptide chain

anticodon

sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complimentary to a codon on a mRNA molecule; allows for amino acid materials to be grabbed from the cytoplasm

different sites on a ribosome

• A - attach to the ribosome

• P - amino acid gets added to the chain

• E - exit

intron vs. exon

• introns: noncoding regions of a gene; removed by spliceosomes

• exons: coding regions of a gene