Metamorphism Scotland case study

When did the Caledonian orogeny end?

Devonian

What are the 5 major faults in Scotland called?

Iapetus suture, southern uplands fault, Highland boundary fault, great Glen fault, moine thrust zone

What is the area between the Iapetus suture and southern uplands fault called?

Southern uplands

What is the area between the southern uplands fault and the Highland boundary fault called?

Midland valley

What is the area between the Highland boundary fault and the great Glen fault called?

Grampian highlands

What is the area between the great Glen fault and the moine thrust zone called?

Northern Highlands

What 2 baric metamorphic types are found in the Grampian Highlands?

Barrovian and buchan

What temperature and pressure conditions characterise Buchan metamorphism?

High temperature, low pressure

Name 2 minerals associated with Buchan metamorphism?

Andalusite and sillimanite

What temperature and pressure conditions characterise Barrovian metamorphism?

Low temperature, high pressure

Name a mineral associated with Barrovian metamorphism?

Kyanite

Where does Buchan metamorphism usually occur?

Near igneous intrusions where contact metamorphism occurs

Where does Barrovian metamorphism occur?

At deeper depths due to tectonic forces

When was the Grampian orogeny?

Early to middle Ordovician

When was the Scandian orogeny?

Silurian

What was the Grampian orogeny caused by?

Laurentian colliding with an island arc complex

What is the cause of varying pressure estimates cross the Grampian highlands?

What is an isograd?

Surfaces that join rocks of equal metamorphic grade

What is an isograd defined/marked by?

The first appearance of an index mineral

What is the order of Barrovian sequence minerals?

Chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite

What is the order of Buchan sequence minerals?

Biotite, cordierite, andalusite, sillimanite

What does an isograd represent in a reaction?

The location where the reactants and products of a metamorphic reaction are in equilibrium

What is Gibbs free energy the sum of?

Enthalpy plus temperature x entropy