Chapter 6 Flashcards

Flashcards for Chapter 6 covering ionic and molecular compounds, bonding, nomenclature, and related concepts.

What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, typically between a metal and a nonmetal, forming ions. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, typically between two nonmetals.

What type of charge do ions that form from elements in Group 2A typically have?

2+

What type of charge do ions that form from elements in Group 6A typically have?

2-

What type of charge do ions that form from elements in Group 7A typically have?

1-

What is the octet rule?

Atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to acquire 8 valence electrons.

How are ionic bonds formed?

Ionic bonds are formed by the strong attractive forces between positive and negative ions.

In ionic bonds, are valence electrons transferred between a metal or nonmetal?

Valence electrons of metal atoms are transferred to nonmetal atoms in ionic bonds.

In covalent bonds, are valence electrons shared between two metals or nonmetals?

Atoms of nonmetals share valence electrons in covalent bonds.

When metals lose electrons do they become cations or anions?

Cations

When nonmetals gain electrons do they become cations or anions?

Anions

What happens to the energy level of an atom when it gains/loses electrons?

filled energy level

What is the general rule of thumb for using group numbers to determine charges for ions?

You can use group numbers to determine charges for the ions (representative elements 1A-8A).

What are the formulas and names for compounds of Na+ and Br-?

Formula: NaBr, Name: Sodium Bromide

What are the formulas and names for compounds of Na+ and S2-?

Formula: Na2S, Name: Sodium Sulfide

What are the formulas and names for compounds of Na+ and N3-?

Formula: Na3N, Name: Sodium Nitride

What are the formulas and names for compounds of Al3+ and Br-?

Formula: AlBr3, Name: Aluminum Bromide

What are the formulas and names for compounds of Al3+ and S2-?

Formula: Al2S3, Name: Aluminum Sulfide

What are the formulas and names for compounds of Al3+ and N3-?

Formula: AlN, Name: Aluminum Nitride

What are the metals that form two or more positive ions (cations) (variable charge)?

Transition elements except for Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ag+

Define polyatomic ions

Groups of ions that are bonded COVALENTLY, but carry an ionic charge for the entire molecule.

State the steps in writing chemical formulas including polyatomic ions?

Use same rules of charge balance as those for simple ionic compounds, put parentheses around the polyatomic ion then places the subscript directly outside the parentheses.

What happens when atoms of ≥ 2 nonmetals share electrons?

Molecular compounds form and valence electrons are shared by nonmetal atoms to achieve stability

What is the rule for naming a molecular compound?

1st nonmetal named by its element name & 2nd nonmetal named by using first syllable of name and -ide. A prefix is used in front of its name.

Is K2O ionic or molecular and what is it's name?

Ionic, Potassium Oxide

Is N2O ionic or molecular and what is it's name?

Molecular, Dinitrogen Oxide

Describe the goal of atoms sharing electrons during covalent bonding.

To achieve stability

What are the seven diatomic molecules?

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Describe electronegativity trends on the periodic table.

Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period and increases from the bottom to the top.

Describe the types of bonds that form from electronegativity differences.

Electronegativity Difference of 0.0 to 0.4 is Nonpolar covalent. 0.5 to 1.8 is Polar covalent. 1.9 to 3.3 is Ionic.

Under what conditions are molecules said to be nonpolar?

Molecules are nonpolar if they contain nonpolar covalent bonds or if polar bonds in a molecule cancel each other out in a symmetrical way.

Under what conditions are molecules said to be polar?

Molecules are polar if one end of the molecule is more negatively charged than the other and the polar bonds in the molecule do not cancel each other.

What type of attractive forces are found in ionic bonds?

The strongest attractive forces; most ionic compounds are solids at room temperature.

What are Dipole-Dipole attractions?

Attractive forces exerted by polar molecules (covalent compounds). The positively charged end of one molecule is attracted to the negatively charged end of the dipole in another molecule.

What are Hydrogen Bonds?

Strong dipole attractions between hydrogen atoms bonded to F, O, or N and a lone pair on F, O, or N.

Describe Dispersion Forces

Weak attractions between nonpolar molecules caused by temporary dipoles that develop when molecules bump into each other.