Theories and Therapies

These flashcards are designed to help students understand and memorize key concepts from the theories and therapies related to psychology.

Darwin's Theory

The belief that only the fittest organisms will adapt and survive through natural selection.

Psychoanalysis

An approach to therapy by Sigmund Freud that explores the unconscious mind.

Defense Mechanisms

Psychological strategies by which individuals reduce or avoid negative emotions.

Collective Unconscious

A term coined by Carl Jung referring to the part of the unconscious mind shared among beings of the same species.

Individual Psychotherapy

A therapy approach that views individuals as total organisms functioning within their environment.

Psychosocial Development

A theory by Erik Erikson that describes the human life cycle in eight stages, each with a core task.

Behavioral Theories

Theories that suggest all behavior is learned and shaped by environmental factors.

Gestalt Therapy

A therapy developed by Fredrick Perls that emphasizes present awareness and personal responsibility.

Hierarchy of Needs

A theory proposed by Abraham Maslow that prioritizes human needs in order of importance.

Client-Centered Therapy

A therapeutic approach by Carl Rogers focusing on the individual's positive potential.

Covert Modeling

A technique that involves mentally rehearsing a difficult performance before executing it.

Cognitive Restructuring

A therapeutic technique aimed at replacing dysfunctional beliefs and thoughts.

General Adaptation Syndrome

A model by Hans Selye that describes the body's response to stress in three stages: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion.

Psychobiology

The study of the biochemical foundations of thought, mood, emotion, and behavior.

Psychoneuroimmunology

The study of interactions between the nervous system and immune system, and their effects on personality.

Somatic Therapies

Treatment approaches focusing on the body's physiological and biochemical aspects in mental health.