Micro 1

Where is the Pinworm found?

Kids and anus

What is cutaneous larva migrans?

Worm in foot crack

How are these parasites spread and how does it leave: Cryptosporidiosis, amebiasis, giardiasis, strongylodiasis, ascariasis, trichuris infection, pork tapeworm?

human-to-human; mouth; feces

How do these parasites spread and how leaves? Cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, visceral larva migrans, echinococcosis

Animal-to-Human; mouth; feces

How does strongyloidiasis (parasites) spread and how leaves?

human-to-human; skin; feces

How does hookworm spread and how leaves?

both; skin; feces

How does schistosomiasis (parasites) spread and how leaves?

animal-to-human;skin;feces

What diseases do arthropod bites cause in human-human spread?

malaria, onchocerciasis, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis

What diseases do arthropods (parasites) cause in animal-to-human spread?

sleeping sickness, chagas disease, leishmaniasis

How is tapeworm obtained?

undercooked meat

Where are these parasites found? Plasmodium spp., Babesia spp., Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma spp., microfilariae

Blood

Where are these parasites found? Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium spp.

Bone Marrow

Where are these parasites found? Taenia solium (cysticerci), Echinococcus spp., Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., Toxoplasma gondii

CNS

Where are these parasites located? Leishmania spp., Acanthamoeba spp.

Cutaneous ulcers

Where are these parasites found? Entamoeba spp. and other amoeba, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora spp., Isospora belli, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, hookworm, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichiura, Hymenolepis spp., Taenia spp., Diphyllobothrium latum, Clonorchis sinensis (Opisthorchis), Paragonimus spp., Schistosoma spp., Fasciolopsis buski, Fasciola hepatica

Intestines

Where are these parasites found? Echinococcus spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Leishmania spp., Clonorchis sinensis (Opisthorchis)

Liver, spleen

Where are these parsites found? Echinococcus spp., Paragonimus spp., Toxoplasma gondii, helminth larvae

Lungs

Where are these parasites found? Trichinella spp., Taenia solium (cysticerci), Onchocerca volvulus (nodules), Trypanosoma cruzi

Muscle

Where are these parasites found? Leishmania spp., Onchocerca volvulus, microfilariae

Skin

Where are these parasites found? Trichomonas vaginalis, Schistosoma spp.

Urogenital system

Where are these parasites found? Acanthamoeba spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus

Eyes

What are the 2 major groups of parasites?

Helminths and protozoa

pnemonia is associated with what fungi?

pneumocystis jirovecii

Sinusitis with pain and bone destruction is due to which fungi?

mucormycetes

Mucormycosis also affects which organ?

Lungs

Aspergillus fungi cause what symptoms?

nodular lung disease, fever, pleuritic chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea

Cryptococcus neoformans cause what symptoms?

fever, chronic headache, stiff neck

Cryptococus neoformans affects what organs?

Lungs, meninges

Cryptococcus neoformans is found where?

soil, bird poop

Candida is found where?

Normal flora

Candida fungi overabundance causes what symptoms?

Itchy red rash, thrush, vaginitis, esophagitis, IV catheter infections, endopthalmitis

What are the three endemic fungi?

histoplasma capsulatum, coccidioides immitis, and blastomyces dermatidis

What is histoplasmosa capsulatum found in?

Soil, bird and bat poop

Where is histplasma capsulatum found?

Ohio

What organs do histoplasma capsulatum affect?

Lungs, RE system, mucous membranes

What symptoms does histoplasmosis cause?

Fever, chills, dry cough, weight loss, chronic pulmonary edema, lung cavities

In what is coccidioides immitis found?

Desert and soil

Where is coccidioides immitis found?

South

In what is blastomyces dermatidis found?

Soil, decaying wood

Where is blastomyces dermatitidis found?

East

What organs do C. immitis affect?

lungs, meninges, skin, bone

What symptoms do coccidioides immitis cause?

fever with thin-walled lung cavities, chronic meningitis

What organs does blastomycosis affect?

Lungs and skin

What symptoms does blastomycosis cause?

Fever, chills, anorexia, fatigue, dry cough, patchy pulmonary infiltrates

What is the cutaneous/subcutaneous fungi?

Sporothyrix schnckii

Where is sporothrix found?

In soil, moss, thorns, decaying wood, vegetation

What organs does sporothrix affect?

Skin and lymphatics

How does sporothrix appear?

As skin ulcers along lymphatics down extremities

What is another cutaneous/sub fungi?

Microsporum, trichophyton, and epidermophyton

What disease do three cutaneous fungi cause?

Dermatophytosis/tinea/ringworm

Where are three cutaneous fungi found?

Soil, animals, humans

What is unique about three cutaneous fungi?

There are tinea capitis, pedis, corporis, cruris, onychomycosis

What type of gram - is staphylococcus?

gram + cocci

What diseases are staph aureus associated with?

abscesses, skin infections, endocarditis, blood infections, gastroenteritis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia

Where does staph epidermidis come from?

Catheters, prosthetics, forms biofilms

What disease does staph saprophyticus cause?

UTIs

What gram- is streptococcus?

Gram + cocci

What diseases are strep pneumoniae associated with?

pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis

What diseases is strep pyogenes associated with?

pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis

What diseases are staph agalactiae associated with?

neonatal sepsis, neonatal meningitis

What diseases are viridans streptococci associated with?

cavities, endocarditis

strep bovis is associated with which diseases?

bacteremia, endocarditis, colon cancer

What gram - is enterococcus

gram + cocci

What diseases are enterococcus faecalis associated with?

endocarditis and UTIs

What diseases are enterococcus faecium associated with?

blood infections

What gram is bacillus

Gram + spore

What disease is bacillus cereus associated with?

food poisoning

what diseases are bacillus anthracis associated with?

cutaneous and inhalation anthrax

What type of bacteria is clostridium ( c)?

Gram + spore bacilli

What disease is clostridium difficile associated with?

C diff colitis

What diseases are c perfringens associated with?

gas gangrene and food poisoning

What disease is c tetani associated with?

tetanus

What disease is c botulinum associated with?

Botulism

What gram - is escherichia?

Gram - bacilli

What bacteria is escherichia associated with?

e. coli

What diseases are e. coli associated with?

diarrhea, neonatal meningitis, UTI, food poisoning

What bacteria type is k. pneumoniae?

gram - bacilli

What diseases are k. pneumoniae associated with?

pneumonia, UTI

What bacteria is proteus associated with?

gram - bacilli

What disease is proteus associated with?

UTI

What bacteria is enterobacter?

Gram - bacilli

What diseases are enterobacter associated with?

UTI, wound infections, pneumonia

What bacteris is serratia?

gram - bacilli

What diseases are serratia associated with?

UTI, wound infections, pneumonia

What bacteria is acinetobacter?

Gram - bacilli

What diseases are acinetobacter associated with?

UTI, wound infections, pneumonia

What bacteria is pseudomonas?

gram - bacilli

pseudomonas (p) aeruginosa is associated with what diseases/

Burn infetions, endocarditis, cystic fibrosis, sepsis, UTI

What bacteria is salmonella?

gram - bacilli

Salmonella (S) enteriditis is associated with what diseases?

colitis, gastroenteritis, bacteremia, blood infections

salmonella typhi and paratyphi is associated with what disease?

typhoid fever

What bacteria is shigella?

Gram - bacilli

What disease is shigella associated with?

food poisoning

What bacteria is campylobacter?

gram - bacilli

campylobacter ( c) jejuni is associated with which diseases?

Gastroenteritis and guillain - Barre syndrome

What bacteria is yersinia?

gram - bacilli

yersinia enterocolitica is is associated with which disease?

gastroenteritis

yersinia pestis is associated with which diseases?

bubonic and pneumonic plagues

vibrio is what type of bacteria?

gram - bacilli

Vibrio causes what disease?

cholera