Translation Studies and Linguistics Lecture Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering linguistic relativity, metafunctions, translation types, and cognitive approaches to translation based on the lecture questions.

Linguistic relativity

The principle that language influences thought and behavior.

Weltanschauung

A concept associated with Humboldt, who viewed language as a creative activity.

Spiritual intermediary world

A description of language used by Weisgerber.

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

The argument that language shapes perception and thought.

General Semantics

A field associated with the scholar Korzybski.

Structure-centred, Domain-centred, and Behaviour-centred

The three types of relativity studies classified by Lucy.

Application (in translation)

The cultural use of linguistic units.

Amae and enryo

Two Japanese words cited as culturally specific examples in translation.

Context of situation

A concept emphasized by Malinowski as important for understanding language.

Universal Grammar (UG)

Innate linguistic principles associated with Chomsky.

Explicitation

The process of making implicit information explicit in a translation.

The 'third code'

A term referring to the hybrid language of translation.

Ideational metafunction

The metafunction in Halliday's systemic functional linguistics that represents experience.

Interpersonal metafunction

The metafunction in Halliday's systemic functional linguistics that manages social relations.

Textual metafunction

The metafunction in Halliday's systemic functional linguistics that organizes discourse and creates cohesion.

Skopos theory

A translation theory that prioritizes the target-culture purpose of the text.

Expressive, informative, and operative

The three text types identified in Reiss’s typology.

Field

A situational dimension in the House model referring to the topic and content of a text.

Tenor

A situational dimension in the House model referring to participant relationships.

Mode

A situational dimension in the House model referring to the medium and participation.

Overt translation

A translation where receptors are overtly not being addressed as the original audience.

Covert translation

A translation that aims to function in the target culture as if it were an original text.

Cultural filter

A tool used in covert translation to capture and account for socio-cultural differences.

Superdiversity

A large increase in the categories of migrants, often discussed in the context of globalization.

Orders of indexicality

Blommaert’s term for the ordered connections between signs and contexts.

English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)

A means of communication where the prime aim is intelligibility and efficiency rather than native-like perfection.

Lingua receptiva

An approach to communication where each person uses their native language and understands the other.

Thinking-aloud protocols

A research method used to study cognitive processes in translation through verbal reports.

Observer’s paradox

The issue regarding the possible effect of verbalization or being watched on translation behavior.

Paradis’s model

A neurolinguistic model that distinguishes between representation and control, suggesting bilinguals have two subsets of neuronal connections.