midterm-dk1 cells
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34 Terms
What is the smallest unit of life?
the cell
What is the relationship between cell structure and function?
A cell's structure/shape is adapted to its function.
What are the 3 basic components of a cell?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
What is the cell membrane primarily made of?
Phospholipid bilayer
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
the head
What part is hydrophobic?
The tails
What does selective permeability mean?
The membrane allows some substances to pass while restricting others
How do O₂ and CO₂ cross the membrane?
Diffusion
What do ions generally need to cross the membrane?
channels
What does the nucleus contain?
DNA
What is the main function of the nucleus?
Controls cell activity
What do nuclear pores do?
Allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
What is the main function of mitochondria?
ATP/energy production
What are two notable structural characteristics of mitochondria?
Double membrane + their own DNA
What do ribosomes make?
proteins
Rough ER is associated with what?
proteins
Why is rough ER "rough"?
Ribosomes are attached to it
Smooth ER is associated with what?
lipids
What is a major overall function of the ER?
transport
What are the 3 major functions of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies, packages, ships
Lysosomes primarily do what?
Digest/break down material and help clean the cell
Peroxisomes primarily do what?
detoxification
What are the 3 major functions of the cytoskeleton?
Structure, movement, support
What are the 3 components pictured as part of the cytoskeleton?
Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
Cilia and flagella are associated with what major function?
Movement/motility
Cilia vs. flagella?
Cilia = short and numerous; flagella = longer
What is an example of a human cell that uses a flagellum?
Sperm cell
What are the four BIG organelle associations
Membrane = barrier
nucleus = control
mitochondria = energy
ribosomes = protein
What shape is a cuboidal cell?
cube shaped
What shape is a columnar cell?
tall and column-like
What does fusiform (spindle-shaped) mean?
Wide in the middle and tapered at both ends
What does polygonal mean?
Many-sided/angular
What does stellate/star-shaped mean?
Cell has multiple projections extending outward
Why do cells have different shapes?
Their shape relates to their specialized function.