U1: reconstruction

13th amendment

forbids slavery

14th amendment

all citizens born or naturalized in the US are full citizens and have the same rights

Freedmen’s Beareau

agency created at the end of the civil war to assist free blacks and poor whites.

Black Codes

opposite of reconstruction. state laws restricted black rights. segregation. Enforced the literacy test, poll tax, and grandfather clause.

Compromise of 1877

to allow hayes to be president remove federal troops from southern states, build railroads from texas to the west, appoint southerner to supreme court. this led to the end of reconstruction in the south (union soldiers removed from south— important effect).

KKK

originally social club for confederate veterans. organization quickly resorted to terrorist activity attacking black businesses, killing black leaders, and trying to restore white supremacy in the south. Focus was to intimidate republicans who were in the south and use voter intimidation and violence to ensure that democrats were elected.

Scalawags

southerners who ran as republicans

Lincoln’s ten percent plan

re-admit states to the Union if 10% of registered voters swore an oath of allegiance. Lincoln would pardon all Southerners involved with the Confederacy except powerful leaders. He pushed for a lenient way to ease the south back into the United States.

Carpet Baggers

northerners who moved to the south and ran for political office.

Contraversial election of 1876

Samuel Tilden: won the popular vote but lost the electoral votes. Rutherford Hayes: first president in history to lose pop vote but win election.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

homer plessy sat in a white only portion of a train and was arrested. He lost the case against the policy of the railraod and segregation was enforced legally in the US

15th amendment

gave african americans the right to vote

tenure of office act

forbids the president from removing a cabinet member without congress’s approval

Juneteenth

last to leave slavery is texas, juneteenth is the day federal trops arrive in texas to officially end slavery in the state after 2.5 years after the emancipation proclamation was signed.

sharecropping

landowner allowed a tenant farmer to use their land in exchange for a portion of the crop’s profits.