Endocrine System Key Information

Endocrine VS Exocrine

Exocrine Glands- Deliver Through Ducts

Endocrine Glands- Delivered Through the bloodstream

What Do Endocrine glands use to regulate metabolic activities within cells and tissues?

Hormones-Chemical messengers secreted through bloodstreams

Tropic Hormones Defined as to?

To Turn, change direction in a stimulus

Tropic Hormones (hormone)

FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, Gonadotropins

Types of Hormones

Steriod Hormones, Monoamines, peptide hormones

Monoamines

Made from amino acids- HYDROPHOLIC

Peptide Hormones

Cosists of up to 200 amino acids- HYDROPHILIC

MONOAMINES & PEPTIDE HORMONES-Mode of Action

Intracellular communication

Synergistic Effects

2 or more hormones acting together to produce an effect greater than each of them.

Permissive Effects

One Hormone enhancing the target organs responding to a second hormone that is secreted later.

Antagonistic Effects

One hormone OPPOSING the action of another.

Negative Feedback Inhibition

Stimulation of another endocrine gland to secrete its hormone.

Paracrine VS Autocrine Signals

Locally acting signals- Paracrine

Signals acting on the same cell ti was synthesized- Autocrine

Hypothalamus

Regulates water balance, thermoregulation, sex drive, and childbirth

Difference between inhibiting & releasing hormones

Releasing-Stimulation of anterior pituitary gland

Inhibiting- Suppressing the secretion from anterior pituitary gland

Stimulating- Anterior Pituitary Gland

FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, PL, GH

Stimulating- Posterior Pituitary Gland

ADH, Oxytosin

Pineal Gland (Plays a role in circadian rhythms)

Produces: Melatonin

Thyroid Gland (increases metabolic rate, Calcium deposit in Bones)

Calcitonin, T3,T4

parathyroid Gland

PTH (Responds to hypocalcemia)

Adrenal Cortex

Aldosterone- Stimulates kidney to retain sodium in body fluid

Cortisol- regulates metabolism of glucose

Adrenal Medulla

Epinephrine- Adrenaline

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Sex Steroids

Estrogen, Androgen, testosterone

Pancreas ( 3 cell types)

A- Alpha cells (Secretes glucagon)

B- beta cells (Secretes Insulin)

D- Delta Cells (Secretes Somatostatin)

Gonads ( Ovaries & Testes)

testes- Testosterone

Ovaries- Estrogen, Progesterone. (Estradiol, inhibin)

The Skin

Synthesizes Cholcalciferol(Vitamin D)- converted into calcitriol

The Liver

Angiotensinogen, Erythropoietin, Hepcidin

the Kidney

Calcitriol, Angiotensin II, Erythropoietin

The heart

Natriuretic peptides

The Stomach

Gastrin- Ghrelin( produces sensation of hunger)

The Small Intestine

Cholecystokinin, Peptide YY- Signals when you are full from eating.