Code.org APCSP Unit 2- The internet

Computing Device

A machine that runs a program, including computer, routers, servers, etc

Computing System

Group of computing devices and programs that are working together for a common purpose

Computing Network

Group of interconnected computing devices that are able to send or receive data

Path

Series of connection between computing devices on a network that start with a sender and ends with a receiver

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time

measured in bits per second

Protocol

Agreed upon rules that specify the behavior of a system

IP Address

Unique number assigned to each device on the internet

Internet Protocol (IP)

Protocol for sending data across the internet that assigns IP addresses to each connected device

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Redundancy

Including extra components so that a system still can work even if individual components fail

Fault Tolerant

Continues to function even in the event that individual components fail

Importance of fault tolerance

Elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, usually in groups

Datastream

Information passed through the internet in packets

Packet

Chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that can arrive at a destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all

Packet Metadata

Data added to packets to help them route through a network and reassemble the original message

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Protocol for sending packets that checks for errors to ensure all packets are received and are properly ordered

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error checking and does not resend dropped packets

Scalability

The capacity for the system to change size and scale to meet new demands

Domain name system (DNS)

Responsible for translating domain names like ex.com into IP addresses

World Wide Web

System of linked pages, programs, and files

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Protocol for computer to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the internet

Digital Divide

Differing access to computing devices and the internet based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

Internet Censorship

The legal control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or obtained on the internet