CHEM 108: Atomic Structure, Ions, Isotopes, Valence Electrons, Bonds, & Periodic Table

Protons

positive charge, number the same as electrons

- 1 amu

Neutrons

no charge

- 1 amu

Electrons

negatively charged, number the same as protons

- 0.000549 amu

What is amu?

atomic mass unit

Atomic number

how many protons are in an element

Atomic mass

how many protons and neurons are in an element

Equation to find neutron number

mass number - atomic number = # of neutrons

Isotopes

same chemical, differ in number of neurons

ion

atom or group of atoms with net electrical charge

How does an atom become an ion?

If an atom gains or loses electrons

cation

positive ion, loses electrons and shows +

anion

negative ion, gains electrons and shows -

Shell

path the electrons revolving around nucleus takes

sub-shell

subdivision of electron shells separated by electron orbital

orbital

3D space in atom where electron in a sub-shell can be found

Octet rule

atoms lose, gain or share electrons to get eight valence electrons

ionic bond

complete transfer of electrons "i give, you take"

covalent bond

sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms "sharing is caring"

4 major elements that form covalent bonds

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

What occurs during the formation of an ionic bond?

electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Describe a covalent bond

atoms share a pair of electrons

The octet rule primarily influences and atom's...

electron configuration

What do all elements in the same period on the periodic table all have in common

The share the same number of electron shells

What do all elements in the same row on the periodic table have in common?

The have similar chemical properties