Respiratory System

purpose of respiratory system

exchange of gaseous substances in air and bloodstream

4 divisions of

pharynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi

nostrols

2 openings of the nose allowing air into body

nasoseptum

seperation of 2 nasocavity opening posteriorally to nasopharynx

function of nasol cavity

to warm, moisten, filter inspired air

pharynx

posterior to nasal cavity, 5 inches in length, 3 parts

parts of the pharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngeal pharynx

nasopharynx

posterior to nasal cavity and behind soft palette

oropharynx

between soft palette and above epiglottis, contains tonsils

tonsils

masses of lymph tissue

epiglottis

flat leaf like plate of cartilage that projects back from pharynx below base of tongue

laryngeal pharynx

from epiglottis down to esophagus opening

larynx (voice box)

between pharynx and trachea surrounded by 9 cartilages, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

below thyroid, circle the larynx

trachea (wind pipe)

between larynx above and bronchi below, 16-20 incomplete rings of cartilage encircling trachea

purpose for C shaped cartilage rings

keeps trachea from collapsing on itself

bronchi (main stem bronchus)

right and left main bronchi, splits at carnia

passage of bronchi

bronchi, lobar bronchi, terminal bronchioles (aveolis)

carnia

ridge of cartilage between the openings of the trachea and right left bronchi

structures in mediastinum (5)

trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, heart, greater vessels

mediastinum

vertical partition within thoratic cavity extends from the neck above to the diaphram below

parts of the lung (6)

apex, base, hylum, costal surface, diaphragmatic surface, fissure

apex

upper pointed apecies

base

broad lower end

hylum

depression on medial surface where structures enter and leave

costal surface

part of lung, adjacent to ribs and cartilage

diaphragmatic surface

surface that sits on diaphram

fissure

divides lungs into lobes

right lung has…

superior middle and lower lobe, horizontal and oblique fissure

left lung has…

superior and inferior lobe, oblique fissure

aveolar sacs

cupped shaped microscopic structures, help form walls of alveolar air sacs

pleura

forms lining membrane of chest, covering of each lung, forms a thin watering fluid

perital

line chest cavity

pleural cavity

space between visceral and parietal pleural cavities (lung and chestwall)

pneumonia

air in cavity

pleural effusion

fluid in cavity

aorta parts

aortic, ascending, descending arch

blood vessels

bronchial artery, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein

arteries do what

take blood out and down

veins do what

take blood in and up to the heart

bronchial arteries

2 left 1 right, supplying lung with blood

pulmonary arteries

1 right 1 left, exchange oxygen for CO2

pulmonary vein

2 right 2 left, blood to left artium

vital air capacity

volume of air expelled from lung by forced expiration following great inspiration, 3500-4800 mL

tidal air capacity

amount of air breathed in and out during normal respiration, 500 mL

inspiratory reserved volume

extra volume of air that inspired following a normal inspiration, 1500-2000 mL

expiratory volume

amount of air expelled followed by normal expiration, 1500 mL

residual volume

amount of air remaining in lung following forced expiration, 1200-1500 mL

agenesis

no lung

hypoplacia

under developed lung

bronchealesophageal vistula

bronchus and trachea communicate with esophagus

cysts

hollow cavity filled with fluid like pus

types of anomalies

agenesis, hypoplacia, bronchealesophageal vistula, cysts

pathologies for respiratory

atelectisis, bronchiectesis, bronchititis, tracheobronchitus, larygitis, pleural effusion, empyema, chemothorax, pneumothitis, bronchopneumonia

atelectisis

collapse of partial or full lung

bronchiectesis

dialation of bronchus

bronchitisis

inflammation of bronchus

tracheobronchitus

inflammation of trachea and bronchi

larygitis

inflammation of larynx

lobar pneumonia

inflammation in a part of a lobe

empygema

pus in pleural cavity

chemothorax

blood in pleural cavity

pneumothitis

inflammation of lung

bronchopneumonia

inflammation of aveolar

lung markings

shadows of arteries, veins, lymphatics and bronchi are visible

tracheotomy

opening into trachea through neck

lobectomy

removal of lobe from lung

pneumoectomy

entire removal of lung

thoracoplasty

to cause a collapsed lung

thoracentisis/thoracocentisis

needle is placed through chest wall into pleural cavity to remove air, fluid, pus