RDN Exam Prep

List non-starchy vegetables that are good sources of carbohydrates. What are the benefits of these types of vegetabls?

Cabbage, cucumber, carrots, cauliflower, asparagus, spinach, lettuce greens, beets, green beans, broccoli, eggplant, peppers, mushrooms, summer squash, tomatoes, celery, brussels sprouts, turnips, artichoke hearts, radishes, onions, herbs like parsley and basil
higher in fiber than starchy vegetables. Lower in carbs. Fill you up, help with weight loss, little impact on blood sugar

List starchy vegetables and their impacts on nutrition

corn, potatoes, green peas, winter squash, mixed frozen vegetables.
lower in fiber, higher in carbs that non starchy vegetables, more calories and greater impact on blood glucose

List food sources of iron

RTE cereal, fortified whole grain kernels, fortified hot wheat cereal, oysters, mussels, duck breast, turkey egg, bison, duck egg, beef, sardines, crab, organ meats, sesame seeds, cashews, RTE fortified and toasted oat or bran flakes, cooked spinach, jerusalem artichokes, lima beans, soybees, swiss chard, canned stewed tomatoes, white beans, lentils, amaranth leaves, asparagus, beets, mushrooms, mustard greens, navy peans, acorn squash, leeks, potatoes

List food sources of vitamin D

List food sources of fiber

RTE high fiber cereal, popcorn, bulgar, spelt, teff, barley, lima beans, artichokes, navy beans, small white beans, yellow beans, green peas, lentils, pinto beans, black beans, pumpkin, brussels sprouts, sweet potatoes, parsnips, chickpeas, guava, raspberries, blackberries, blueberry, asian pear, passion fruit, persimmon, pear, apple

List food sources of calcium

List food sources of potassium

beet greens, fufu, swiss chard, lima beans, potatoes with skin, yam, acorn squash, spinach, water chestnuts, carrot juice, butternut squash, parsnips, sweet potato, mushrooms, stewed tomatoes canned, vegetable juice, bok choy, soybeans, carrots, snow peas, carrots

Hair micronutrient examination: what are you looking for?

protein malnutrition, zinc deficiency, biotin deficiency, copper deficiency, vitamin C deficiency, vit A and selenium toxicities

Hair on head and tops of legs - quantity and distro

hair loss and poor growth = protein, zinc, biotin deficiency
depigmentation = copper deficiency
corkscrew at root = vit C deficiency
hair loss, brittle, coarse = vit A and selenium toxicity

Eye micronutrient examination: what are you looking for?

vit A deficiency, iron deficiency, vit B12 deficiency

bitot’s spots, foamy patches, cloudy cornea = vit A deficiency
paleness of conjunctiva = iron, B12, folate deficiency
dryness, vision changes, difficulty seeing at night = vit A deficiency
alcohol abuse or fat malabsorption need vit A

oral cavity micronutrient examination: what are you looking for?

b vitamins deficiency, iron deficiency, vit C deficiency, zinc deficiency

lips/corners cracking = vit B deficiencies, iron deficiency
tongue: magenta = riboflavin def, beefy red = b12 def.
mucosa paller = anemia (pale)

excessive saliva = flouride, choline toxicity

gums bleeding, redness = vit C def.

changes in taste or smell = zinc def

Nails micronutrient examination: what are you looking for?

iron def, zinc def, vit C def, malnutrition, hydration
it will be present on all nails
pallor in nail beds = anemia
concave, spoon shaped, brittle = anemia
splinter hemorrhages/brown linear streaks = vit C def.
horizontal grooves/beau’s line = zinc def.

skin micronutrient examination: what are you looking for?

iron, b12, c, zinc, niacin, riboflavin, b6, a, k deficiencies

scaly, hyper pigmented = niacin

hyperkeratosis = A, C

dry, red skin on scalp/face = zinc, niacin, riboflavin, b6, fatty acid

unhealing wounds = c, zinc, protein

flushing = niacin toxicity

Vitamin A Deficiency

cellular function, vision, fat soluble
retinol/retinyl esters, provitamin A carotenoids

inflammation, protein calorie malnutrition, zinc deficiency impact retinol binding protein
alcohol abuse, malabsorption

impaired iron storage mobilization
decreased immune cells
poor structural integrity of epithelial cells
slowed regen on rhodopsin

Vitamin E deficiency

antioxidant, fat soluble, supports immune system

rare deficiency. occurs in conjunction with other fat soluble vitamin def. disorders of fat malabsorption, rare genetic diseases.

peripheral neuropathy, red blood cell hemolyis

Vitamin D deficiency

bone health, promotes Ca and Ph absorption; supports immunity, neurodevelopment, muscle function; fat soluble
Precursors: cholecalciferol, calcidiol, 7-dehydrocholesterol (sun), calcitriol

limited sunlight exposure, limited dietary sources, organ dysfunction, fat malabsorption, drug-nutrient interactions

decreased intestinal Ca absorption, muscle weakness