First Semester Vocabulary

Flashcards for First Semester Vocabulary Review

What is binary?

A number system using only 0 and 1.

What is a bit?

A basic unit of information representing 0 or 1.

What is a byte?

A unit of digital information, commonly 8 bits.

What is decimal?

A number system based on 10.

What is an overflow error?

An error when a calculation produces a result that exceeds the capacity of the system.

What is a round-off error?

An error due to approximating a real number with a limited number of digits.

What is analog data?

Continuous data.

What is digital data?

Discrete data represented using binary digits.

What is sampling?

Converting analog data to digital data.

What is lossless compression?

Data compression technique that preserves all original data.

What is lossy compression?

Data compression technique that discards some data to reduce file size.

What is creative commons?

A type of copyright license.

What is intellectual property?

Creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce.

What is bandwidth?

The rate of data transfer.

What is a computing device?

A machine that can run a program/computer.

What is a computing network?

A system of interconnected computing devices.

What is a computing system?

A group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose.

What is a path?

The route or sequence of connections.

What is an IP Address?

A numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network.

What is Internet Protocol (IP)?

Protocol for communicating data across a network.

What is protocol?

A standard set of rules for communication.

What is Fault Tolerant?

The ability of a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure.

What is Redundancy?

The inclusion of extra components which are not strictly necessary to functioning, in case of failure in other components.

What is a Router?

A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

What is a Packet?

A formatted unit of data carried by a network.

What is Domain Name System?

A hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.

What is HyperText Transfer Protocol?

The underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web to define how messages are formatted and transmitted.

What is World Wide World?

An information system on the Internet that allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another.

What is Digital Divide?

The gap between individuals and communities that have and do not have access to information technologies.

What is input?

Data that is entered into a computer system.

What is output?

Data that is produced by a computer system.

What is user interface?

The means by which a user interacts with a computer system.

What is event driven programming?

A programming paradigm in which the flow of the program is determined by events.

What is a program?

A set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.

What is program statement?

An instruction in a program.

What is sequential programming?

A programming paradigm where instructions are executed in a linear sequence.

What is comment?

Explanatory text in a program that is ignored by the compiler.

What is debugging?

The process of finding and fixing errors in a program.

What is documentation?

Written material that explains how a program works or how to use it.

What is development process?

The set of activities involved in creating a program.

What is pair programming?

A software development technique in which two programmers work together at one workstation.

What is assignment operator?

Symbol for assigning a value.

What is an expression?

A combination of values that are evaluated to produce another value.

What is a string?

A sequence of characters.

What is a variable?

A storage location in a computer's memory that can hold a value.

What is a boolean value?

A value that is either true or false.

What is a comparison operator?

Symbol comparing two values.

What is a logical operator?

A symbol allowing logic operations.

What is a conditional statement?

A statement that executes only if a specified condition is true.

What is a function?

A named sequence of code performing one task.

What is a function call?

Command used to 'call' a function.

What is information?

Data with context / meaning.

What is metadata?

Data about data.

What is cleaning data?

Act of making data 'clean'.

What is data filtering?

Filtering to find a specific set of data.

What is correlation?

How data reacts to more data.

What is citizen science?

Science via citizen contribution.

What is crowdsourcing?

Obtaining information from the masses.

What is big data?

Large amounts of data.

What is data bias?

Bias in / with data.