Organic molecules

what is organic molecules made out of

living organisms

5 main atoms

carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate, hydrogen

how to atoms become stable

colvent bonds

carbon backbone

organic molecules had them to make stable bonds

functional groups

unique chemical groups added to the carrbon backbone so they can act different and react differently

4 general classes of organic molecules

carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids

what are carbornhydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins

polymer

what creates polymer

small blocks of monomer

what are carbonhydrates

sugar

simple sugar

glucose (blood sugar), galactose (milk), frutose (honey & fruits)

what is simple sugar also known as

monosaccharides

disaccharides

2 sugar

what are the disaccharides

lactose, sucrose, maltose

lactose

dairy (glucose+ galactose)

sucrose

table sugar (glucose+ frutose)

maltose

grains (glucose+glucose)

polysaccharides

3+ sugar

what are the polysaccharides

glycogen, starch, cellulose

glycogen

found in animals & is stored in the liver & muscle

starch

plants naturally have it, humans can find it in plant based food

cellulose

found in plants, humans can not digest, act like fiber to help move food through our digestive track

nucleic acids

long chains (polymers) made from nucleotide monomers

polymers

long chains

nucleotides (long chains)

DNA or RNA

what does DNA make

protein

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

a special nucleotide that powers our functions in our body

proteins

helps do things in the body, provides structure, long chains of amino acid

how many animo acids do humans have

20

what are 12 of the animo acid do

they are non-esstenials and they are made by the body

what do the other 8 amino acids do

are essentials to the body, and we get it from eating

what happens when protein grows

they bend and fold

lipids (fat)

hydrophobic (nonpolar), made from carbon and hydrogen

type of lipids

glycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol & steroids, and waxes

glycerides

fat & oils, liquid=oils, solid=fats

phospholipids

cell membrane