Moving and positioning

Mobility

Essential for health and organ function.

Immobility

Lack of movement causing physiological changes.

Muscle Atrophy

Decrease in muscle size and strength from disuse.

Joint Flexibility

Range of motion affected by immobility.

Contractures

Shortening and tightening of muscles due to disuse.

Osteoporosis Risk

Bone demineralization starts in 2-3 days.

Venous Stasis

50% reduction of blood flow to the legs.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Clot develops in deep veins of the leg.

Embolus

Traveling blood clot that breaks away from the vein wall and travels through bloodstream.

Pulmonary Embolus

Embolus lodged in lungs.

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Embolus in the heart. Also known as a heart attack.

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Embolus in the brain. Also known as a stroke.

Orthostatic Hypotension

Decrease in blood pressure that occurs when a patient changes from a reclining or flat position.

Incentive Spirometer

Device to improve lung expansion and function.

Peristalsis

Natural intestinal movement affected by immobility.

Urinary Retention

Inability to empty bladder due to bedrest.

Pressure Injury

Skin damage from prolonged pressure on tissue.

Shearing

Skin layer is pulled across muscle and bone in one direction

Compression Neuropathy

Nerve compression leading to impaired function.

Footdrop

Compression of nerves which causes the foot to point in a plantar flexion position.

Nursing Measures

Actions to prevent complications of immobility.

Active ROM

Patient is able to participates in range of motion exercises.

Passive ROM

Caregiver supports joints during range of motion.

No Lifting Programs

Policies to prevent nurse injuries during patient handling.

Transfer Belt

Device to assist patients in mobility.

Slide Sheets

Reduce friction when moving patients.

Sit to Stand Lift

Assists patients from sitting to standing position.

Atelectasis

The collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of a lung

Hypoxemia

decreased level of oxygen in the blood

Dyspnea

difficulty breathing

No increased fiber without increased…

fluids.

supine position

Lying on back arms at sides.

dorsal recumbent position

Lying on back with legs bent and feet flat.

Tredelenburg position

Lying on back, foot is higher than the head.

Reverse Trendelenburg position

Lying on back, head is higher than the foot.

Lateral position

the person lies on one side or the other; pillow supports between knees and ankles.

Left Sims' position

Lying on left side with right leg flexed to chest; left arm is positioned along the back.

Right Sims Position

Lying on right side with left leg flexed and right arm is positioned along the back.

Fowler's position

a semi-sitting position; various degrees of head elevation with knees slightly elevated.

Low Fowler's Position

Head or bed elevated 30 degrees.

Semi-Fowler's Position

Head of bed elevated 45 degrees.

High-Fowler's position

Head of bed elevated 90 degrees.

Orthopneic position

Sitting upright at 90 degrees or on side of bed with feet flat on floor.

What is the Orthopneic position used for?

Assist patients in severe respiratory distress allowing chest to expand to maximum capacity.

Prone position

Lying on stomach with head turned to the side

Lithotomy position

Lying on back with knees flexed above the hips and legs supported.

Bed position for vaginal examination

Lithotomy

Bed position for feeding tube

Low Fowler's

Bed position for respiratory distress

Prone

Purpose of compression socks and sequential compression devices?

For antiembolism

Immobility of the Musculoskeletal System

Decreased muscle strength and muscle mass; shortening and tightening of connective tissue; weakness and brittleness

Immobility of the Cardiovascular System

Decreased cardiac output; pooling of blood in extremities; increased cardiac workload.

Immobility of Respiratory system

Decreased respiratory muscle strength and decreased lung expansion; impaired oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

immobility of Gastrointestinal system

Decreased peristalsis; decreased appetite; increased intestinal gas

Immobility of Urinary System

Pooling of urine in the renal pelvis; incomplete emptying of the bladder

Immobility of the Integumentary System

Decreased oxygen and nutrients to tissues; skin and capillaries compressed between bed and boney prominences.

Immobility of the Neurological System

Decreased blood circulating to nerves trapped between the bed and bone; decreased balance when initially out of the bed

Immobility of the Psychological effects

Decrease in normal social interaction; decrease in independent activity.