Biology Honors Cell Transportation and Cell Energy

If you put cells into saltwater, why do they shrink?

Water moves out of the (hypertonic environment)

When water moves from a high to low concentration through a semi-permeable plasma membrane

Osmosis

What is homeostasis?

The cells process of maintaining a stable internal environment necessary for survival despite external changes

What proteins are found in the plasma membrane and are used for receiving signals from other cells?

Carrier Protein

Food coloring spreading throughout a beaker of water is an example of…

Diffusion

In passive transport, molecules are moved from ____ to ____ concentration

high to low

In active transport, molecules are moved from ___ to ___ concentration

low to high

In active transport, energy is ________

required

in passive transport, energy is ______

not required

A is…

A. Phospholipid

Glycolipid/Polar Head

Glycoprotein

Carb Chain

Cholesterol

Peripheral Protein

Integral/Channel Protein

Phospholipid Bi-Layer

Polar Head

Non-polar tail

What type of transport are endocytosis and exocytosis?

Active Transport

Do endo and exocytosis require energy?

Yes

Do end and exocytosis transport large or small particles?

Large

What 2 organelles produce ATP molecules?

Mitochondria and Chloroplast

what organelle changes energy from carbohydrates into ATP

Mitochondria

What organelle produces the most ATP?

Mitochondria

What is ATP used for?

The cells main source of energy

How many phosphate groups does ATP have?

Three

What organelle uses CO₂ and H₂O?

Chloroplast

What does Chloroplast make?

Glucose and Oxygen

What type of energy is required in the chloroplast to make glucose and oxygen?

Light energy 

What is the name of the pigment that traps energy from the chloroplast?

Chlorophyll

What 2 products are produced from photosynthesis

Glucose and Oxygen

What is the name of the process for making energy without oxygen?

Anaerobic respiration

What is the name of the process that causes your muscles to ache during strenuous exercise?

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Why do your muscle cells have to use the process of lactic acid fermentation?

To produce energy when your body cannot produce enough oxygen for the activity

How do autotrophs get their food?

Photosynthesis

How do heterotrophs get their food?

Consuming other organisms

What type of organisms do photosynthesis?

Autotrophs

What type of organisms do cellular respiration?

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

All plant cells have _____ for making sugar in photosynthesis and the _____ for breaking down sugar in cellular respiration

Chloroplast; mitochandria

What 2 substances are produced during photosynthesis that are used for completion of cellular respiration?

Glucose and Oxygen

What 2 substances are produced during photosynthesis that are used for completion of photosynthesis?

Carbon Dioxide and Water

What are the 2 steps in photosynthesis?

Light dependent and light independent

What organelle does light dependent photosynthesis take place in?

Thylakoid

What organelle does light independent photosynthesis take place in?

Stroma

What are the 3 steps of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, Kreps Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

What organelle does glycolysis occur in?

Cytoplasm

What organelle does the Krebs cycle take place in?

Mitochondria

What organelle does the electron transport chain take place in?

Mitochondria

What process is this?  C₆ H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + ADP + P —> 6CO₂ + 6 H₂O + ATP

Cellular Respiration

Chlorophyll appears green because it ____ green light

Reflects

When chlorophyll absorbs light energy, an _____ gets excited and travels down the _____

electron; electron transport chain

What 2 gases are recycled during photosynthesis?

CO₂ and O₂

All organic molecules that contain carbon were ultimacy from ____ from the atmosphere

CO₂

Heterotrophs eat other organisms for food. Autotrophs make their own food through photosynthesis. So, what is the ultimate source of energy for living things on earth?

Light energy

What is the major byproduct of photosynthesis that allows us to breathe?

O₂

What are the 2 factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Light intensity, Temp, CO₂ levels

Oxygen is released during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Where does this oxygen come from?

H₂O

The Calbin cycle of photosynthesis occurs…

Only in the dark

When cells break down glucose and other foods, what happens to the energy?

Released and used to make ATP

What process is used to make bread and alcoholic beverages?

Alcohol Fermentation