6.3 Composition of Blood (2)

thrombocytes

What is another name for platelets?

megakaryocyte

From which giant cell in the bone marrow do platelets originate?

By pinching off bits of cytoplasm

How do megakaryocytes form platelets?

hemostasis

The clotting factors(Calcium, ADP, Serotonin, Enzymes) in platelets play an important role in which process?

calcium ions

Which important ion essential for blood clotting is found within platelets?

a plug

In the event of a vessel defect or injury, what structure do platelets aggregate to form?

constriction, plugging, clotting

Fill in the blanks for the sequence of hemostasis:

1. ___ of the blood vessels.

2. ___ the wound by aggregated platelets.

3. ___ of the blood into a mass of fibrin.

fibrin

In the final step of hemostasis, the blood clots into a mass of which protein that augments the plug in sealing the wound and providing a framework for repair?

sealing, vasoconstriction, blood clotting

The platelet plug reduces blood loss in 3 ways:

1. Physically __________ the vessel defect.

2. Releasing chemicals that cause __________.

3. Releasing chemicals that stimulate __________.

liver

Where are multiple clotting factors produced?

leukocyte

What is another term for WBC?

neutrophil

Which leukocyte is the most abundant (62%) and primarily targets bacteria and fungi?

eosinophil

Which leukocyte's main target is parasites and modulates allergic inflammation?

basophil

Which leukocyte releases histamine for inflammatory responses and is the least abundant (0.4%)?

lymphocyte

Which leukocyte produces antibodies and includes T cells, B cells, and NK cells?

monocyte

Which leukocyte differentiates into macrophages and Kupffer cells?

neutrophil, monocyte

Which two types of leukocytes function primarily through phagocytosis?

eosinophil

Which leukocyte functions to phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes?

basophil

Which leukocyte releases histamine and heparin to initiate inflammatory responses?

albumin

Name the plasma protein responsible for these 4 functions:

1. Maintain blood volume and pressure

2. Buffer blood

3. Maintain blood viscosity

4. Transport substances (hormones, drugs, etc.)

globlins

Which plasma proteins function in transport, enzymatic action, clotting, and immunity?

fibrinogens

Which plasma protein is activated to form a mesh-like structure for blood clotting?

urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin

List the 4 main waste products found in plasma.

electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, gases

Besides water, proteins, and wastes, name 4 other categories of substances found in plasma.