GOVT 2305 Test 1 Review

Flashcards covering key concepts from the GOVT 2305 Test 1 Review, focusing on the Constitution, Federalism, and Civil Liberties.

Mayflower Compact

The first governing document of Plymouth Colony, establishing a basic legal authority for the colony.

The Declaration of Independence

A document declaring the colonies' independence from British rule, outlining the principles of individual rights and government by consent.

Articles of Confederation

The first constitution of the United States, which created a weak central government and was replaced by the current Constitution.

Shay’s Rebellion

An armed uprising in 1786-1787 by Massachusetts farmers protesting economic injustices and the lack of government response.

The Virginia Plan

A proposal for a bicameral legislative branch with representation based on state population.

The New Jersey Plan

A proposal for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state, regardless of population.

The Three-Fifths Compromise

An agreement that allowed states to count three-fifths of their enslaved population for representation and taxation.

Supremacy Clause

The constitutional provision stating that federal law takes precedence over state law.

Federalists

Supporters of the proposed Constitution who advocated for a strong national government.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the proposed Constitution who favored stronger state governments and feared centralized power.

Separation of Powers

The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, protecting individual liberties and rights.

Enumerated Powers

Specific powers granted to Congress by the Constitution.

Concurrent Powers

Powers shared by both the federal government and state governments.

Categorical Grants

Federal funds provided to states for specific purposes, with strict regulations.

Civil Liberties

Individual rights protected by law from unjust governmental or other interference.

Prior Restraint

Government action that prohibits speech or other expression before it can take place.

Miranda Rule

The requirement that law enforcement inform suspects of their rights before questioning.