NBCE Part 1 Practice Questions

Which of the following cavities are contained within the dorsal cavity?

cranial

The deltoid tuberosity is found on the ____?

humerus

What are the bones called that protect the top of the cranium?

Parietal

Which of the following muscles is NOT located in the back?

Sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following is NOT a muscle of the rotator cuff?

Teres major

Which of the following is NOT a physiologic change expected during a sympathetic response?

Dilation of the blood vessels in the digestive tract

The type of muscle contraction used during the lifting of a weight in a bicep curl would be:

concentric contraction

The conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid is called

glycolysis

Where does gluconeogenesis mainly occur?

Liver

Which of the following diseases is considered an autoimmune disease?

Type 1 diabetes

A biochemical inflammatory marker that may be indicative of cardiac disease risk is

high-sensitivity C-reactive protein

An example of an autosomal recessive genetic condition is ____.

cystic fibrosis

Leukotrienes and interferons are examples of

cytokines

T cells and B cells are types of

lymphocytes

Which of the following is an example of bacterial disease transmitted by ticks?

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (lyme disease)

Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with ischemia in the heart?

coagulative necrosis

What is the primary cell type responsible for acute inflammation?

neutrophils

What anatomical variation at the lumbosacral junction creates the greatest mechanical stress on the pars interarticularis?

Lumbarization of S1

What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?

tissue destruction and repair

Which hormone is the primary regulator of blood calcium levels by increasing bone resporation and intestinal calcium absorption?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Which proto-oncogene encodes a GTP-binding protein that is frequently mutated in various human cancers?

RAS

The countercurrent multiplier system in the loop of the Henle serves which primary function?

Concentration of urine by creating a hypertonic medullary gradient

Which ligament connects the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae?

Both interspinous ligament and ligamentum flavum

A chiropractic patient reports radiating pain down the posterior leg following nerve root irritation. Which nerve root is most commonly affected in this presentation?

L5 nerve root

Which of the following is the source of calcium for skeletal muscle contraction?

Sacroplasmic reticulum

Which component of the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ventricular depolarization?

QRS complex

Which nerve is commonly compressed in tarsal tunnel syndrome?

tibial nerve

Which structure passes through the obturator foramen?

Obturator nerve and vessels

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Rapid transmission of impulses by jumping between nodes of Ranvier

Which opportunistic fungal infection is most common in immunocompromised patients with AIDS?

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Which cranial nerve is tested when examining the gag reflex?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and Vagis nerve (CN X)

Which anatomical features of the atlas (C1) allow it to function as a ring that does not bear the weight of the head directly through its body?

Absence of a body and presence of lateral masses with superior articular facets

Which muscle is the primary dorsiflexor of the ankle?

tibialis anterior

A patient with diabetes insipidus produces large volumes of dilute urine. This is caused by deficiency of which hormone or its receptor?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or its V2 receptor

During muscle contraction, what is the sequence of events after an action potential reaches the T-tubule?

Ca2+ release → cross-bridge cycling → muscle shortening

In chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), which component of the immune system defective?

Neutrophil NADPH oxidase

A patient presents with inability to abduct the thumb. Which nerve is most likely affected?

Median nerve

Which of the following is a characteristic of competitive enzyme inhibition?

The inhibitor structurally resembles the substrate

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

synovial irregular joint

Which buffer system is most important in maintaining blood pH homeostasis?

Bicarbonate buffer system

Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?

Axillary nerve

The pes anserinus is formed by the tendons of which three muscles?

Sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus

The lateral corticospinal tract primarily controls which type of movement?

Fine distal limb movements

During intense exercise, which mechanism is primarily responsible for the increased rate of glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells?

Translocation of GLUT24 transporters to the cell membrane

Which structures form the blood-brain berrier?

Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane, and astrocyte end-feet.

Which anatomical landmark is used to identify the L4-5 interspace for lumbar puncture?

superior iliac crests

Which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

Diaphragm