Nutritional needs

Hyperplasia

Increase in number of cells.

Hypertrophy

Increase in size of cells.

Aerobic respiration

Conversion of glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Catabolism

The breakdown of nutrients for energy.

Anabolism

The building and repairing of tissues.

Metabolic rate

The speed at which the body's metabolic processes occur.

Obesity

Excess body fat.

Nutritional deficiencies

Lack of necessary nutrients in the diet.

Calcium

A mineral essential for bone development.

Vitamin D

A vitamin that aids calcium absorption and bone health.

Iron

A mineral important for oxygen transport in the body.

Lactose Intolerance

Inability to digest lactose, leading to digestive issues.

Coeliac Disease

An autoimmune condition that requires a gluten-free diet.

Food Desert

Areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food.

Food Oasis

Areas with good access to healthy food options.

BMR

Basal Metabolic Rate; the number of calories required to keep your body functioning at rest.

PAL

Physical Activity Level; a measure of physical activity.

EAR

Estimated Average Requirement; average intake level for a nutrient.

RNI

Reference Nutrient Intake; enough for almost all individuals in a group.

LRNI

Lower Reference Nutrient Intake; enough for only a few individuals.

Safe Intake

Data that indicates a safe level of nutrient intake.

Nutritional needs of infants

High energy and protein required for rapid growth and brain development.

Nutritional needs in adolescence

Increased iron needs due to growth spurts.

Food Environments

Conditions that affect the availability and access to food.

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Heart-related conditions, including heart attack and stroke.

Diabetes Type 1

A form of diabetes requiring insulin injections.

Diabetes Type 2

A form of diabetes managed through lifestyle and diet.

Dental Disease

Oral health issues caused by high sugar intake.

Rickets

A condition caused by a lack of vitamin D leading to weak bones.

Anemia

A condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.

Skin Disorders

Conditions affecting the skin caused by nutrient deficiencies.

Fatigue

A common symptom of anemia due to lack of iron.

Cavities

Decayed areas of the teeth caused by dental disease.

BMR calculation factors

Weight, height, age, and gender are used to calculate BMR.

Energy requirement for adults

Approximately 2000 kcal/day for maintaining health.

Nutritional guidelines for carbohydrates

Recommended daily intake of 260g of carbohydrates.

Nutritional guidelines for protein

Recommended daily intake of 50g of protein.

Nutritional guidelines for fat

Less than 70g of fat per day, with saturated fat less than 20g.

Fiber daily requirement

Recommended daily fiber intake is 30g.

Healthy BMI range

A BMI of 18.5–24.9 is considered healthy.

Nutritional needs in old age

Less energy required but more calcium and vitamin D needed.

Community kitchens

Resource for providing fresh produce and healthy meals.

Eczema

A skin disorder characterized by itchy and inflamed skin.

Acne

A skin condition characterized by the presence of pimples.