Session 3 (Statistics)

mean

the arithmetic average (sum of the quantities of data points divided by the number of data points)

median

the middle number in a dataset

mode

the most common number in a dataset

range

the difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset

standard deviation

measurement to represent distance of data points from the average/mean

symmetric distribution

the dataset is approximately evenly distributed around its center

left-skewed distribution

the bulk of the data lies to the right with a decreasing amount of data to the left

right-skewed distribution

the bulk of the data lies to the left with a decreasing amount of data to the right

bimodal distribution

the majority of the data is concentrated in two distinct peaks

null hypothesis (H₀)

states that the measured statistic is unchanged (after an experimental condition is applied/evaluated)

alternative hypothesis (H_a)

states that the measured statistic will be changed (after an experimental condition is applied/evaluated)

significance level (⍺)

value chosen by the research team to determine statistical significance (typically 0.05)

p value (probability value)

likelihood of getting sample statistic given H₀ is true

statistical significance

achieved when p<⍺

if p<⍺

reject H₀

if p≥⍺

do not reject H₀