Structure and Bonding

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6 Terms

1
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Elements of unsaturation

[(2*#C + 2 + #N - #H - #X(F, Cl, Br, I)] \ 2

  • Double bonds = 1

  • Ring = 1

  • Triple bond = 2

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Resonance structures

The movement of electrons between three or more p-orbitals. Will always exist when there is a lone pair adjacent to an atom with a p-orbital (double bond)

<p>The movement of electrons between three or more p-orbitals. Will always exist when there is a lone pair adjacent to an atom with a p-orbital (double bond)</p>
3
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Stereoisomers/Configurational isomers

Isomers that have the same molecular formula and connectivity, but differ in the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of their atoms

<p>Isomers that have the same molecular formula and connectivity, but differ in the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of their atoms </p>
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Conformational isomers

An isomer that can be interconverted by rotating around a single sigma bond

<p>An isomer that can be interconverted by rotating around a single sigma bond</p>
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Constitutional isomers

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different atom connectivity. The atoms are bonded together in a different order

<p>Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different atom connectivity. The atoms are bonded together in a different order</p>
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Determining the major resonance contributor

  1. Resonance form with the most full octets

  2. Resonance form with most # of bonds (not counting to H)

  3. Least amount of charge separation

  4. What atom is charge on (e.g. negative charge on most electronegative atom)