Lecture exam 4 - reproductive system part 3

what structures are found in the vestibule?

urethral orifice and vaginal opening

what do vestibular glands do?

secrete lubrication

where are follicles located in the ovary?

cortex

what is found in the medulla of the ovary?

blood supply

what hormone stimulates follicles and egg growth?

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

what is ovulation?

release of the egg from the ovary

what happens to the follicle after ovulation?

becomes corpus luteum (caused by LH)

function of corpus luteum?

supports potential pregnancy

what happens if fertilization does not occur?

egg dies and corpus luteum degenerates

what are the two cycles in the female reproductive system?

ovarian cycle and uterine cycle

what is the average length of the menstrual cycle?

28 days

three phases of the ovarian cycle?

follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

what hormone stimulates follicle growth?

FSH

what hormone triggers ovulation?

LH

what structure forms after ovulation?

corpus luteum

what hormone does the corpus luteum primarily release?

progesterone

three phases of the uterine cycle?

menstrual, proliferative, secretory

what happens during the proliferative phase?

endometrium rebuilds

what happens during the secretory phase?

uterus prepares for implantation

function of the cervix?

passage for sperm, blood, and baby

what forms in the cervix during pregnancy?

mucus plug

what type of epithelium lines the vagina?

stratified squamous

what is the pH of the vagina?

slightly acidic

what is the male climacteric?

gradual decline in testosterone and sperm production

what is menopause?

female climacteric, 1 year without menstruation

what hormone decreases during menopause

estrogen

what is perimenopause?

transition period before menopause

what is ectopic pregnancy?

implantation outside of the uterus

what is endometriosis?

endometrial tissue grows outside or uterus, can block pregnancy

how is cervical cancer detected?

pap smear

what are the stages of development?

zygote -> embryo -> fetus

what surrounds the fetus?

amniotic fluid

what happens in the first trimester?

zygote -> embryo -> early fetus

what happens in the second trimester?

growth and development

what happens in the third trimester?

rapid growth and preparation for birth

what are three developmental periods?

pre-embryonic, embryonic, fetal

what is polyspermy?

multiple sperm entering egg

how is polyspermy prevented?

egg hardens after on sperm get inside. (cortical reaction)

what part of sperm penetrates the egg?

acrosome

what is cleavage?

rapid cell division without growth

what is a morula?

solid ball of cells

what is a blastocyst?

hollow structure with inner cell mass

what does the trophoblast become?

placenta

what does the embryoblast become?

embryo

what hormone is released after implantation?

hCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin)

what is the function of hCG? (Human chorionic gonadotropin)

prevents menstruation, stops fertilized egg from leaving body