APCSP unit 2 quizizz

ASCII

The universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

Develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, including the Internet protocol suite.

Packets

Small chunks of information carefully formed from larger chunks of data.

IP Address

A unique number assigned to any device connected to the Internet.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the Internet.

DNS (Domain Name System)

Translates URLs (domain names) into IP addresses.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

Protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet.

Router

A computer that forwards data across a network.

Network Redundancy

Having multiple backups to ensure reliability during high usage or failures.

IPv4 and IPv6

Provide unique numerical IP addresses necessary for Internet-enabled devices to communicate.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

Defines the meaning and structure of web content; the basic building block of the Web.

HTTPS

A secure version of HTTP that adds SSL/TLS encryption for data in transit.

Server

A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data.

Client

A computer that requests data stored on a server.

IPv4 Address Length

32 bits.

HTTP (Function)

Data is sent in several files broken into packets.

HTTP Acronym

HyperText Transfer Protocol:

TCP Header

Does not include the file name (includes packet number, sender IP, and size of packet).

DNS (again)

Resolves host names into IP addresses.

TCP (features)

Accounts for lost packets and ensures they are received in the correct order.

IP (Internet Protocol)

Addresses data with source and destination information.

TCP (Internet)

Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of packets.

Subdomain

Example: educate.code.org is a subdomain of code.org.

HTTP GET Request

Used when a user requests information but does not enter anything into a page.

Fault Tolerance

If part of the system fails, operations continue without interruption.

Routers

Each router independently decides how to forward packets (not a central DNS). Packets may arrive out of order or get lost.

Lowest Internet Stack Protocol

IP.

Packets

May take different routes from sender to receiver.

TCP Reliability

Ensures messages can be reliably transmitted.

Packets in Order

Not guaranteed to arrive in the order they were sent.

Internet Infrastructure

Not reliable enough to ensure no packets are lost.

8-bit IP Address System

Supports 256 users.

Routers Analogy (Mail)

Like a mailman sometimes taking a different path to deliver letters.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Does not reliably send data (faster but unreliable).

Top Level Domains

Can have many subdomains (not limited to one).

DNS

Distributed system, not a single server for the entire Internet.

Internet Transmission

Information is sent as a data stream of packets, not in one piece.

HTTP & WWW

The World Wide Web is a collection of pages/files shared using HTTP.

World Wide Web Protocols

The Web does not rely solely on HTTP (uses multiple protocols).

Bandwidth

Maximum amount of data sent in a fixed time (bits per second).

Latency

Time it takes for a bit to travel from sender to receiver.

Bit Rate

Number of bits processed per unit of time.

Bandwidth Limitation

Bandwidth does not equal unlimited usage.