arm and forearm

Axilla boundaries

The apex extends to the middle 1/3 of the clavicle, while the base is located inferior to rib 5.

Axilla contents

Includes muscles like biceps brachii and coracobrachialis, nerves such as pectoral nerve and subscapular nerve, vessels like axillary vein and axillary artery, and lymphatics draining into the apical node.

Compartments of the arm

Divided into anterior (innervated by musculocutaneous nerve) and posterior (innervated by radial nerve) compartments, with specific muscles and functions.

Elbow arthrology

Hinge synovial joint allowing flexion, extension, supination, and pronation, with a carrying angle of 170 degrees and major ligaments like annular, radial, and ulnar ligaments.

Radioulnar Joints

Proximal joint allows rotational movement secured by the annular ligament, while the distal joint has a triangular ligament and muscles for supination and pronation.

Muscles of forearm

Anterior group (flexors) innervated by the median nerve, including superficial and deep muscles, and posterior group (extensors) innervated by the radial nerve, with specific muscles and functions.

Anatomical snuff box

An anatomical region containing tendons of extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and abductor pollicis longus, along with the radial artery, radial styloid process, scaphoid, and trapezium.