2) Polar reactions, Nucleophiles, and Electrophiles

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15 Terms

1
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What is electrostatic/ionic attraction?

The force that pulls oppositely charged particles towards each other

<p>The force that pulls oppositely charged particles towards each other </p>
2
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What is a polar reaction?

a chemical reaction in which electrons move from an electron-rich species (nucleophile) to an electron-deficient species (electrophile), driven by differences in charge or electronegativity.

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What is a nucleophile?

Atoms in organic compounds with partial negative charges

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What is a Lewis base?

An electron donor (electron-RICH)

<p>An electron donor (electron-RICH)</p>
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What is considered electron-rich?

A nucleophile

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What is a electrophile?

Atoms in organic compounds with partial positive charges

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What is a lewis acid?

An electron acceptor (e- POOR)

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What is considered electron-poor?

An electrophile

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What is a heteroatom?

An atom that’s NOT carbon or hydrogen

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What does a lone pair do to a heteroatom?

It becomes nucleophilic

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Pi bonds are..

nucleophilic

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Why are pi bonds nucleophilic?

It has high e- density (- charge) and electrons are more exposed unlike sigma bonds due to being above and below the plane

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What is a mechanism?

a step-by-step description of how a reaction occurs at the molecular level. It shows the movement of electrons, the breaking and forming of bonds, and the intermediates formed during the reaction.

14
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Mechanisms for polar reactions use

double headed arrows (hetereolysis) where the nucleophile attacks an electrophile

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What happens if there’s no formal charges on the starting atoms?

Additional bonds must be broken to create stable products