3Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art & Science of Person Centered Care, 10th Edition; Taylor, Lynn, Bartlett. Chapter 3: Health, Wellness, and Disparities

A nurse working in an ambulatory care center provides care for patients experiencing varying levels of health and illness, The nurse bases care on which concepts of health and illness. Select all that apply.

a. health and illness are the same for all people

b. health and illness are individually defined by each person

c. people with acute illness may consider themselves healthy

d. people with chronic illness have poor health believes

e. health is more than absence of illness

f. Illness is the response of a person to a disease

b. health and illness are individually defined by each person

c. people with acute illness may consider themselves healthy

e. health is more than absence of illness

f. Illness is the response of a person to a disease

Each person defines health and illness individually, based on a number of factors. Health is more than jus the absence of illness; it is an active process in which a person moves toward their maximum potential. An illness is the response of the person to the disease.

A community health nurse is developing a support group for patients coping with chronic health problems. What chronic conditions does the nurse anticipate group members might want to discuss? Select all that apply.

a. Diabetes mellitus

b. Bronchial pneumonia

c. Rheumatoid arthritis

d. Ulcerative colitis

e. Fractured hip

f. Otitis media

a. Diabetes mellitus

c. Rheumatoid arthritis

d. Ulcerative colitis

All of these are chronic diseases causing permanent, irreversible alterations normal anatomy and or physiology. They require a lengthy period of care, support, and patient education.

Pneumonia, fractures and otitis media are acute illness, characterized by rapid onset and typically short in duration.

Nurses from hospital in a low-income area of the city are developing educational materials and programs focused on health care for vulnerable populations. When planning community outreach, which members of the community will the nurses include? Select all that apply.

a. White male diagnosed with HIV

b. Black teenager who is 6 months pregnant

c. Hispanic male who has type 2 diabetes

d. Low-income family living in rural America

e. Middle-class teacher living in a large city

f. White infant born with cerebral palsy

b. Black teenager who is 6 months pregnant

c. Hispanic male who has type 2 diabetes

d. Low-income family living in rural America

f. White infant born with cerebral palsy

National trends in the prevention of health disparities are focused on vulnerable populations, such as racial and ethnic minorities, those living in poverty, women, children and adults residents of rural areas and lower income areas of cities and people with disabilities and special health care needs.

A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of care is the nurse demonstrating?

a. Tertiary

b. Secondary

c. Primary

d. Promotive

c. Primary

A community health nurse cares for vulnerable populations. What problem will the nurse prioritize for a patient who is homeless?

a. love and belonging

b. safety

c. self esteem

d. self-actualization

b. safety

Safety is the most appropriate focus as adults and children experiencing homelessness do not have a regular and appropriate place to sleep; they may sheltered or unsheltered. After meeting safety needs, the nurse can focus on love and belonging, self esteem, or self actualization

A clinic nurse works with a population experiencing health disparities. Which patient does the nurse identify as having the highest risk for postponing annual breast examinations and mammograms?

A. Patient whose best friend had a benign breast lump removed

B. Patient who lives in a low-income neighborhood

C. Patient who has a family history of breast cancer

D. Patient whose family encourages regular physical examinations

B. Patient who lives in a low-income neighborhood

Healthy People 2020 defines health disparity as a particular type of healthy difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage." Disparities are influenced by race and ethnicity, poverty, sex assigned at birth, age, mental health, educational level, disabilities, sexual orientation, health insurance, and access to health care.

A nursing student is writing a paper about nurses performing health promotion activities at the the tertiary level. Which nursing actions will the student include? Select all that apply.

a. running an immunization clinic in a lower-income area of a city

b. teaching a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb

c. providing range-of-motion exercises for a patient who is paralyzed

d. teaching parents of toddlers how to childhood their home

e. providing screening for scoliosis for school students

f. teaching new parents how to choose and use an infant car seat.

b. teaching a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb

c. providing range-of-motion exercises for a patient who is paralyzed

Tertiary health promotion and disease prevention begging after an illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning. TERIARY interventions include providing ROM exercise, and patient teaching residual limb care. Providing immunizations and teaching parents how to childproof their homes and use appropriate car seats are PRIMARY health promotion activities. Providing screenings is a SECONDARY health promotion activity.

A nurse is caring for a patient who has been managing their chronic spasticity well for 10 years. The pt states having had increasing spasticity and few falls due to unremitting muscle spams. The nurse, patient, and health care provider discuss the possibility the patient may be experiencing which phase of illness?

a. acute onset of illness

b. permanent complication

c. need for hospice care

d. Exacerbation of disease

d. Exacerbation of disease

exacerbation of a chronic illness occurs when the symptoms of a disease reappear after having been absent for a time.

A nurse incorporates concepts from current models of health when providing health promotion classes for patients. What is a key concept of both the health-illness continuum and the high-level wellness models?

a. Illness as a fixed point in time

b. The importance of family

c. Wellness as a passive state

d. Health as dynamic state

d. Health as dynamic state

Both of these models view health as a dynamic (constantly changing state).

A public health nurse is planning interventions for a community and plans to determine the frequency of diseases in the area. What information will best guide the nurse?

a. Morbidity table

b. Disease eradication statics

c. mortality rates

d. annual hospital admissions

a. Morbidity table

Morbidity refers to how frequently a disease occurs; mortality is the number of deaths resulting from a disease. These statistics may be placed in tables as reference of others.