BIO EXAM 1 DUNN DUNN DUHHHHHH

chemical element

atoms that cannot be broken down into simpler substances such as carbon, O2

chemical compounds

formed by different chemical elements such as O2 + hydrogen = H2O

ionic bond

transfer of electrons

covalent bonds

sharing electrons

• strongest bond

• ex. hydrogen + atom

hydrogen bond

attraction between molecules

molecule

group of atoms that are bonded together

polar molecules

molecules with a partial charge meaning unequal distribution of + and - charges around molecule

nonpolar molecule

molecule w/o a charge meaning equal distribution of electron charge around molecule

4 most common chemical elements

O2, C, H, N

• carbon cna form many complex molecules bc it can form 4 chemical bonds with other atoms

Acidic solution

has more H+ > OH- ions

neutral solution

OH- = H+ ions

basic solution

more OH- > H+ ions

cohesion + why it’s important for life

when water molecules stick to each due to H bonds

• allows H2O to pass through plants

adhesion + why it’s important for life

water molecules stick to other surfaces

• helps in H2O transportation

temperature stabilization + why it’s important for life

when H2O absorbs + holds heat w/o losing temperature

• protects organisms from extreme temperature changes

solid H2O is less dense than liquid water + why it’s important for life

why ice floats

• important for aquatic life where ice keeps water insulated

water dissolved other substances + why it’s important for life

ex. salt/sugar

• allows transportation of nutrients or other substances

organic molecules

are carbon + hydrogen based

• protein

• carbs

inorganic molecules

contain H2O

• water + salt

monomers

small subunit or molecule which makes polymers when stitched together

• glucose

• amino acids

polymer

large molecule, series of monomers & you can break polymers to get monomer

• starch

• proteins

dehydration synthesis

chemical reaction when intial product is monomer & final product is polymer

carbohydrate loading

when atheletes consume carbs before endurance training letting them store carbs as glycogen in liver or muscles as stored energy

storage unit of polysaccharides

starch (plant cells) & glycogen (animal cells)