Unit 6 - Global Risk and Resilience

Hacking

The gaining of unauthorized access to computer, network or system

Ransomware/cyber attacks

Malware that takes over a victim’s computer and provides them a ransom to regain software or data

Identity theft

The fraudulent practice of using another person’s personal information to obtain loans, store cards, make purchases in their name

Supply chain

Network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific product to the final buyer

Political sovereignty

The freedom of a state to govern itself fully, independent of interference by any foreign power

Economic sovereignty

The freedom of a state from any outside intervention in its markets and trading relationships

Profit repatriation

A financial flow of profits from a country where a TNC has overseas operations back to the country where its headquarters are

Tax avoidance

The use of legal methods to reduce the amount of income tax that an individual or business owes

Tax evasion

An illegal activity in which a person or entity deliberately avoids paying a true tax liability

Tax haven

A financial technique that allows people/businesses to pay less tax

Disruptive technology

A technology which brings major changes to the way people live and work instead of merely supporting and enhancing the current way things are done

Nationalism

A political movement focused on national independence or the abandonment of policies that are viewed by some as a threat to national sovereignty or national culture

Tribalization

The unification of groups of people with common identity

Populism

The idea that every political decision in a democracy should reflect what the majority of citizens or the common person believes

Carbon footprint

Refers to the amount of carbon dioxide used by an individual, organization or country as they go about their everyday lives. It is measured in the volume of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere as a result of fossil fuel use per unit of time

Global shift

The international relocation of different types of industrial activity, especially manufacturing industries

Agribusiness

A transnational farming and/or food production company

Crowdsourcing

The process of sourcing ideas, services, funding or content from the public in order to maximize the benefit of a large groups collective assets

Crowdfunding

Raising sums of money for a good cause or innovation by asking a large number of people to donate small amount each using an online platform