Exam 1: Infants

-Lose up to ____ body weight over first week of life

-Regains birthweight (BW) by ____ days

10%

10-14

infants double BW by ____ months

4

infants triple birth weight by _____ year

1

in infants, by 12 months their height has increased by

50%

infants head circumference gains _____ from birth to one year

10 cm

how long does it take an infants head to become half the size of an adult brain

6 months

anterior fontanel remains open until ____ months

(okay if closes as early as 9 months as long as developing appropriately).

12-18

diamond shape

anterior fontanel

posterior fontanel closes ____ weeks

6-8

triangular shape

posterior fontanel

•occurs over the first two years of life.

myelination

RR of a newborn

30-60 bpm

RR of 12 month old

20-30 bpm

the respiratory system is not normally matured until age

7

avg newborn pulse

avg newborn BP

120-140

60/40

avg 1 year old pulse

ave 1 year old BP

100

100/50

infants have an immature ____ and can only hold ___ of fluids at birth

liver

1 oz

meals should look like at one year of age

3 full meals with snacks

when infant's cheek is stroked, the infant turns to that side, searching with mouth

root reflex

the root reflex appears ____ and disappears ____

birth

3 months

reflexive sucking when nipple or finger is placed in infant's mouth

suck reflex

the suck reflex appears at ____ and disappears _____

birth

2-5 months

with sudden extension of the head, the arms abduct and move upward, the hands for a C

moro reflex

moro reflex appears at ___ and disappears at ____

birth

4 months

while lying supine, extremities are extended on the side of the body to which the head is turned and opposite extremities are flexed

asymmetric tonic neck

asymmetric tonic neck reflex appears ____ and disappears _____

birth

4 months

infant reflexively grasps when palm is touched

palmar grasp

palmar grasp appears at _____ and disappears ________

birth

4-6 months

infant reflexively grasps with bottom of foot when pressure is applied to plantar surface

plantar grasp

plantar grasp appears at ____ and disappears at ____

birth

9 months

stroking along the lateral aspect of the sole and across the plantar surface results in fanning and hyperextension of the toes

babinski

babinski appears at _____ and disappears at ____ months

birth

12 months

protective reflex of an infant

parachute

protective extension with the arms when held up in the air and moved forward. The infant reflexively reaches forward to catch him or herself.

parachute reflex

parachute reflex appears _____ and disappears _____

6-7

never

teeth begin to reupt between

6-8 months

how to calculate how many teeth an infant has

age in months - 5

-from mom via placenta (lasting to about 3-6 mos)

IgG

-produced in significant amounts after birth to adult levels by 9 months

IgM

•Theory of personality development - healthy personality (favorable) vs. pathologic approach (unfavorable)

erickson

stage of erickson infants are in

trust vs. mistrust

The parent/caregiver responds to the needs of the infant, thereby creating a sense of trust

trust vs mistrust stage of erickson

•sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)

-Use senses and motor skills to learn about the world

piaget cognitive development

Hide something from the baby and if they go looking for it then they have

object permanence

cephalocaudal (head to toe)

gross motor skills

proximodistal (near to far)

fine motor skills

those that use large muscles (head control, rolling, sitting, walking)

gross motor skills

order of gross motor skills

head control

roll over

sit

crawl

pull to stand

walk

lifts and turns head to side in prone position

head lag when pulled to sit

rounded back in sitting

1 month

raises head and chest and can hold the position

shows signs of improving head control

2 months

raises head to 45 degrees in prone position

slight head lag in pull to sit

3 months

lifts head and looks around

rolls from prone to supine

head leas body when pulled to sit

4 months

rolls from supine to prone and back again

sits with back upright when supported

5 months

tripod sits

6 months

sits alone with some use of hands for support

7 months

sits unsupported

8 months

crawls, abdomen off floor

9 months

pulls to stand

cruises

10 months

sits from standing position

walks independently

12 months

Babies can build neck muscled by _______ -> if they come in and can not hold up their neck ask parent if they have been implementing ______

tummy time

have significant head lag ____

has slight head lag _____

no head lag ___

newborn to 1 month

2 months

4 months

•Maturation of hand and finger use

•Proximodistal

fine motor skills

developmental order of fine motor skills

involuntary hand movements

hold with the whole hand

crude pincher grasp (multiple fingers)

fine finger grasping (individual fingers)

fists mostly clenches

involuntary hand movements

1 months

holds hand in front of face

hands open

2 months

bats at objects (grasp something with their whole hand and wrist)

4 months

grasp rattle

5 months

releases object in hand to take another

6 months

transfers object from one hand to the other

7 months

gross pincher grasp (rakes)

8 months

bangs objects together

9 months

fine pincher graso

puts objects into container and takes them out

10 months

offers objects to others and releases them

11 months

feeds self with cup and spoon

makes simple mark on paper

pokes with index finger

12 months

infants begin to recognize ppl they know

1 month

•weeks binocularity begins to develop and well established by 4 months

6

•Full color, distance vision, and ability to track objects by

7 months

newborn can only see ____ inches away

8-15

fully developed when born

hearing

will begin to recognize sounds around age

1 months

•coos, develops differentiated crying

1-3 months

simple vowel sounds, laughs aloud, raspberries, and vocalizes in response to voices

4-5 months

•can distinguish emotions in voices

4-7 months

•squealing and yelling

6 months

•babbling begins and progresses to strings without meaning (mamamamama, dadadadada)

can respond to simple commands

7-10 months

begin to attach meaning to "mama" and "dada"

start to mimic other speech sounds

9-12 months

2-3 recognizable words with meaning

starts to recognize objects by name

imitate animal sounds

12 months

when doing an assessment on an infant

work with the parent when doing it

stay where the child is

•may develop around 8 months (indicates the infant realizes self as separate from others)

stranger anxiety

•may develop in last few months of infancy

seperation anxiety

like socially interactive games like peek-a-boo

6-8 months

mimic facial movements

3-4 months

smile and gurgle when interacting with caregiver

3 months

display first real smile

2 months

•Arms and legs are stiff or floppy

•Cannot support head at 3-4 months

•Reaches with only one hand; doesn't reach for objects by 5 months

red flags

•Cannot sit with assistance at 6 months

•Does not crawl by 12 months

•Cannot stand supported by 12 months

red flags

•Young infant not responding to loud noises

•Does not focus on near object

•Doesn't turn to locate sounds by 4 months.

red flags

•Crosses eyes most of the time at 6 months.

•Not making sounds by 4 months

•No laughing or squealing by 6 months

red flags

•No babbling by 8 months

•Does not use single words with meaning by 12 months

•No smiling by 3 months

red flags

•Refusing to cuddle

•No interest in peek-a-boo by 8 months

red flags