Plumbing Pipes and Fittings

Flashcards covering definitions and characteristics of various plumbing pipes, materials, and pipe fittings based on lecture notes.

Cast Iron Pipe

The most common and generally used material in drainage systems, suitable for buildings around $250\,\text{feet}$ high, available in SV Type and XV Type.

SV Type Cast Iron Pipe

A type of cast iron pipe designed specifically for building installations.

XV Type Cast Iron Pipe

A type of cast iron pipe designed specifically for underground installations.

Asbestos Pipe

A durable pipe made of asbestos fiber and Portland cement that has twice the thickness of cast iron pipe, commonly installed for soil, waste ventilation, and downspout use with concrete structures.

Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe

The cheapest sewer pipe material, recommended for house sewer and septic tank installation; light in weight and flexible, but cannot be used with hot substances.

Vitrified Clay Pipe

One of the oldest materials used for sewer systems, casted in lengths of $75\,\text{cm}$ and treated with a glazing compound; resistant to acid wastes but brittle.

Lead Pipe

An ancient plumbing material highly resistant to acids and used for underground installations, prohibited for conveying potable and non-potable water due to toxicity.

Galvanization

The process of wrapping zinc around materials such as iron and steel to improve corrosive resistance.

Galvanized Steel Pipe

A highly durable pipe with a protective zinc coating suitable for outdoor and heating pipes, but easily corroded by alkaline and acid water.

Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe

A piping material that is higher in quality and more acid resistant than galvanized steel pipe.

Brass Pipe

One of the most expensive piping materials, composed of $15\,\text{percent}$ zinc and $85\,\text{percent}$ copper, featuring a smooth interior surface.

Copper Pipe

A durable and extremely corrosion-resistant material whose most common application is for heating systems in a building.

Type K Copper Pipe

The heaviest classification of copper pipe, used primarily for underground installations.

Type L Copper Pipe

A copper pipe lighter than Type K, available in flexible and rigid forms, commonly used for residential supply and heating systems.

Type M Copper Pipe

The thinnest classification of copper pipe, available in rigid form, used for heating and small water supply lines.

Pipe Fittings

Materials used as connectors for pipes to extend length, change flow direction, or increase and decrease flow speed.

Elbows

Curved connectors used to join pipes of the same size at $22.5\,\text{degrees}$, $45\,\text{degrees}$, or $90\,\text{degrees}$ connections.

Tee

A "T" shaped connector featuring an inlet and outlet, commonly used as a diverter.

Cross-type Fitting

A pipe fitting with four openings, usually used in fire sprinkler systems.

Barbs

Connectors used for joining hoses to pipes, male at one end and tapered on the other, usually secured using a clamp.

Nipple

A fitting distinguished by connecting two fittings together rather than connecting pipes.

Adaptor

A pipe fitting plain on one end and threaded on the other end, which can be male or female.

Reducer

A fitting that connects piping of two different sizes, changing the size to alter the water flow rate passing through it.

Coupling

A fitting used for permanently connecting pipes with smaller diameters.

Union

A pipe fitting serving the same purpose as a coupling, but equipped with female threads making it removable.

Olets

Unconventionally shaped pipe fittings utilized for usages where standard fittings cannot provide.

Wye

A "Y" shaped fitting usually used for sanitary and waste pipings.