Incarceration

How were Japanese Americans seen before and after the bombing of Pearl Harbor?

Before: ant-japanese

culminating their immigration exclusion

denial of the right to natural

in the passage of alien land laws by different states

After: distinguish between different Asians

knows who is a good or bad asian

knows who is chinese, Japanese

Franklin Delano Roosevelt sign Executive Order 9066 on February 19 1942

authorizing the removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans from the west coast

media was proflic in presenting characterizations of japanese and japanese americans

Relocation

forced evacuation and incarceration of japanese americans were not merely the result of anti japanese fervor created by the attack by japanese imperical foces on peral harbor

evacuation

removal and incarceration of japanese americans from the west coast

incarceration

mass incarceration of japanese americans during wwii into concentration camps is recognized by most and even by the US government itself as gross violation of the civil liberties of over 110,000 indiiduas based on racial prejudice and animus

concentration camp

three main ways that Japanses americans were able to leave the camps as student, military draftee or enlistee or laborer

Minoru Yasui

was a lawyer in Oregon

broke curfew and travel restrictions in order to get arrested

case went up to US supreme court

Gordon Hirabayashi

conviction for curfew violation

Fred Korematus

tried to avoid the evacuation orders

the three ways to move out of the camps

students, military enlisters, laborers,

Heart Mountain fair play committe

was an organization of draft eligble men at the Heart Mountain Relocation center that fought for the restoration of civil rights as a precondition for complying with draft orders

BY June 1944 63 individuals from Heart Mountain had been arrested. More were arrested at other camps after this date

President Truman granted them a full pardon

Mitsuye Endo

a fundamental constitutional principle

persons not charged with offenses against the law of war could not be deprived of due process of law, nor could they be denied the benefits of a trail by jury in the absence of a valid declartion of martial law

How did the incarceration change the Japanese American community after WWII

more women working

from community based economy to employment in general economy

majority women and men no longer had their farms, businesses, and financial savings

ended JA concentration in agriculture and small businesses

What was the role of the CWRIC

they recongized that massive re education and public awareness was necessary becuase so many had either not know about the incarceration or didnt see it as an issue

they were established in 1980 to explore the questions of reparations and redress

they held hearing throughout the US and heard testimonies from more than 750 witnesses

what is the status today of the 1944 Korematsu US Supreme Court decision

filed in three different district court

remians as precdent the court has pointed to the value it has in terms of legal and histroical precedent

issuel a formal apolye

what was the basis for the overturning of korematsu covictions in 1983

use strategy that explain the mistakes was made

Korematus was gravely wrong the day it was decided has been overrules in the court of history