Chapter 5: The Integumentary System

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms from Chapter 5 of the lecture on the Integumentary System.

The skin is the body's largest __.

organ.

The average skin area for an adult is approximately __ square meters.

1.6 to 1.9.

The integumentary system includes skin and its __.

appendages.

The two primary layers of skin are the and .

epidermis; dermis.

The __ lies beneath the dermis and is not part of the integumentary system.

hypodermis.

Thin skin covers most of the body surface and is to mm thick.

1; 3.

Thick skin, found on palms and soles, is to mm thick.

4; 5.

The epidermis is composed of __ tissue.

epithelial.

The __ contains mostly fibrous connective tissue and underlies the epidermis.

dermis.

The hypodermis consists mostly of __ tissue that absorbs shock and insulates.

adipose.

The __ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue with blood vessels.

papillary.

The __ layer of the dermis is dense and provides strength and resiliency.

reticular.

The __ is the deepest epidermal layer also known as stratum germinativum.

stratum basale.

Melanocytes make up to percent of the cells in the epidermis.

10; 25.

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the __.

stratum corneum.

Cells in the stratum granulosum begin the process of __.

keratinization.

The stratum lucidum is only found in __ skin.

thick.

Keratinocytes are the most abundant cells in the __.

epidermis.

Dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as __ in the epidermis.

immune responders.

The dermis contains a rich vascular supply that plays a critical role in __ regulation.

temperature.

The body can lose heat through __, evaporation, and conduction.

radiation.

Sebaceous glands secrete __ to soften skin and hair.

sebum.

Eccrine sweat glands are the most __ sweat glands in the body.

numerous.

Apocrine sweat glands are found in the __ and anogenital areas.

axillary.

The pigment responsible for the color of the skin is __.

melanin.

The basal layer of the epidermis is actively __, producing new cells.

mitotic.

Striae are also referred to as __ marks.

stretch.

Cyanosis results in a __ coloration of the skin due to low oxygenation.

blue.

The main function of the integumentary system includes protection, temperature regulation, and __.

cutaneous sensation.

Cutaneous sensory receptors are part of the __ system.

nervous.

Body temperature is regulated by dilating dermal vessels and increasing __ activity.

sweat gland.

The dermal papillae contain __ loops and touch receptors.

capillary.

Hair is primarily made of __ cells, which are keratinized.

dead.

Hair growth occurs in cycles, with an average growth of __ mm per week.

2.25.

Nails are scalelike modifications of the __.

epidermis.

The nail matrix is responsible for __ growth.

nail.

The apocrine sweat gland secretion is known to be viscous and contains __ and proteins.

fatty substances.

The structural classification of sweat glands includes eccrine and __ glands.

apocrine.

The primary function of sebaceous glands is to provide __ to the hair.

moisture.

Epidermal dendritic cells aid in the __ response.

immune.

Cells in the stratum corneum are primarily __, flat cells filled with keratin.

dead.

Melanocytes protect the keratinocyte nucleus from __ damage.

UV.

Hair follicles are embedded in the __ layer.

dermis.

The deepest layer of hair is called the __.

hair bulb.

The __ is the smooth muscle connected to hair follicles, causing goosebumps.

arrector pili.

Vellus hair is the fine body hair found primarily in __ and children.

women.

The __ surface of the skin is where the majority of sensory receptors are located.

outer.

Blisters are a result of __ trauma separating the epidermal and dermal layers.

acute.

Stratum spinosum cells are unified by __, providing strength.

desmosomes.

Keratin is produced by __ in the epidermis.

keratinocytes.

Melanin levels can vary due to genetics and __ exposure.

sun.

Alopecia refers to hair __ that can occur in both sexes.

thinning.

Infections such as __ can cause changes in pigmentation.

tinea versicolor.