Reaction of alkenes

The addition of an electrophile to a double bond.

What is electrophilic addition?

Due to the double bond in alkenes having a high electron density, the double bond is susceptible to attack by electrophiles ( electron loving species)

What happens during electrophilic additions?

Hydrogenation

what reaction converts an alkene to an alkane?

* A nickel catalyst
* A temperature of 150 degrees celsius

What is needed for a hydrogenation reaction?

Halogens

What is added to alkenes to form dihaloalkanes?

Electrophilic addition

What type of reaction is needed to form dihaloalkanes from alkenes?

Hydration

What reaction turns alkenes into alcohols?

* Steam at 300 degrees celsius
* Pressure of 60-70 atm
* Solid phosphoric acid catalyst

What is needed for hydration?

Haloalkanes

What is formed when alkanes undergo addition reactions with hydrogen halides?

The major product form an addition of a hydrogen halide to an unsymmetrical alkene is the one where hydrogen adds to the carbon with the most hydrogens already attached.

What is Markownikoff’s rule?