Chapter 6 The Struggle For Independence

*—— —- was the British commander in Boston who heard the New Englanders were collecting ammunition. He sent a spy —— —- —— to Boston where he learned more about how ready the colonists were for war

Thomas Gage, Private John Howe

*——— rebellious colonists

patriots

*——— colonist who were still loyal to the British

loyalists

*General gage decided to surprise the colonists and —- their ——- in many towns

steel, ammunition

*—— ——, —— —- —- and —— —— —— were the three men who saw the signal from the —- —— —— in Boston that the redcoats were marching to Lexington so they road their horses into the night —— the American colonists.

Paul Revere, William Dawes Jr., Dr. Samuel Prescott, old north church, alarming

In the battle of —— the British and American troops met on the village green british demanded the retreat of the Americans and dropping of weapons retreated but didn’t drop their weapons next was the —— —— —— —- —— and the British laid open fire on the colonists.

Lexington, shot heard round the world

*———- militia who had been promised to be ready for action at a minutes notice

minutemen

After Lexington the British advanced toward —— where they cut down the liberty pole, set fire to the court house, and destroyed several gun carriages, clashed with armed —— —— at the north bridge, and then the British started back to ——-.

Concord, patriot forces, Boston

As the british retreated to Boston from Concord angary countryside colonists —- from —- ——- and ——. when they finally reached Boston they were very beat down

fired, behind buildings, walls

The —- —- —— which was a small colonial group led by —- —- had seized the British Forts at Crown point on lake Champlain what was best about this victory was the ——- gained that were being sent to help reinforce ——.

green mountain boys, ethan allen, materials, boston

In all the chaos the —— —- —— decided to meet again some delegates like —— —- and ——- —— were radical and wanted to go to war while most delegates were more hesitant.

second continental congress, samuel adams, patrick henry

*—- —- was a delegate of the continental congress who assured the king that they weren’t raising armies for war but did tell the king that they would —- —— with —— if necessary.

john Dickinson, resist tyranny, force

*In the —- —- —- —— both sides lost heavily afterwards king —— named the colonists as —— and ordered the royal english navy to create a —— around america.

battle of bunker hill, george, rebels, blockade

The second continental congress sent delegates to —- —- and the —— in addition to ——- asking for help

france, spain, netherlands, canada

*—- were german soldiers bought by england and sent to america to help with the war

Hessians

In a surprise move Washington occupied —- —— then the British general —- —- —— decided that is was useless to try and hold Boston since Washingtons territory overlooked it.

dorchester heights, sir william howe

The battle of —— —— —— also sometimes called —— —— —- —- —— was fought in North Carolina and ended in a victory for the ——-

Moore’s creek bridge, Lexington and Concord of the South, patriots

*—- —— was the governor of North Carolina and during the battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge he recruited 2,0000 loyalists that merged with the —— ——.

Josiah Martin, british forces

*—- —— was aware of Governor Martins plan so he stationed his troops at —- —- —- where they ripped up the planks and greased the supports they then hid and waited to —— until the British came. This ruined Britians plan to —- —- ——.

James Moore, Moore’s Creek Bridge, shoot, hold north carolina

Most colonists who were hesitant about independence were worried about —- —— and ——- they knew if they failed they would be subject to —— and if they went against parliament they would loose the support of their —— ——- in england, finally most ——- in the colonies were loyal to the english empire. Those who wanted independence know that the british government already committed acts that —— the —— of the colonist and that —- —— had already been shed.

mob rule, lawlessness, treason, wealthy friends, women, violates, rights, colonial blood

*—— ——-, —— ——, ——- —— and ——- —— were all wealthy English men who demanded for repeal of objectional laws but would no longer support the colonists during a war.

edmund burke, william pitt, john wilkes, isaac barre

*—- —— was a former british political writer who came to america and wrote a pamphlet called —- —— which pointed out reasons why the colonists should declare their independence from england in easy to understand terms

Thomas Paine, common sense

*—- —- —— introduced a resolution in the second continental congress declaring that the colonies are independent states from england.

richard Henry Lee

Before voting on Lee’s resolution the congress established a committee of 5 men to write a formal declaration of independence including —— ——-, ——- ——, —— ——, —— —- ——, and —— ——

Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John adams, robert r. livingston, roger sherman

*—- —— the president of the continental congress signed the declaration of impendence and copies were then rushed to all state legislatures. If was officially read and proclaimed for the first time in ——-.

John Hancock, Philadelphia

The patriots or —— where very happy about the declaration of independence while the loyalists or —— were very upset about it they were typically wealthy and influential people

whigs, tories

The Declaration had three main purposes the first being the —— —- —— —- —— (a way to win public support for independence that wrote up the king to be evil and the colonists to be patient) second of the —— —— —— (this section stated the basic principles of democracy including our unalienable rights) and third was a —— —- —- —— (if the patriots failed to win they were subject to ruin or death)

preamble and reasons for separation, theory of government, formal declaration of war

Thomas Jefferson established the American government after he was inspired by —- —- and the —- —— abilities of the colonies

John Locke, self governing

*—- —— life liberty and the pursuit of happiness (cannot be taken away by the gov. or by the people themselves)

unalienable rights

Washington moved his troops from Boston to —- —— general sir —— —— sailed into —- —— and landed on satin island his brother —- —- —- —- then arrived with reinforcements.

new york, william howe, new york, admiral lord richard howe

In the —- —- —- —— general howe landed his troops where Washington had stationed his army, he forced the American troops back into a ——. they were —— and the Americans were lucky enough to have —— to escpae during the —— in —— —— to long island and then eventually ——.

battle of long island, trap, surrounded, time, night, small boats, PA

In a —- —- —— after general howe was was feeling secure in his victory Washington surprised the —- —— on lookout on —- —— after leaving fires burning to confuse the —— Howe eventually pulled his troops from —- —- and wnet back to new york.

christmas surprise attack, hessian troops, Christmas morning, Cornwallis, new jersey

The Americans won victories at —- and —— which boosted troop —- and led —— to join the continental army

Trenton, Princeton, moral, volunteers

The —- —— was a British attempt to secure the land controlling the —— —- and an attempt to divide the colonies to weaken the rebellion

Saratoga Campaign, hudson river

*—- —- —— was to advance from canada capturing key forts and pushing down the Hudson river toward albany during the Saratoga campaign

General John Burgoyne

*—— —— —— —- —— was to march along the Mohawk river toward albany during the Saratoga campaign

Lieutenant colonel Barry st. leger

*—- —- —- was supossed to move north from NY along the Hudson to albany but he diverted his forces to ——- leaving the other generals without —— in albany.

General William Howe, Philadelphia, reinforcements

The battle of —- —- and battle of —— occurred in Philadelphia and general howe diverted his forces here.

brandywine creek, germantown

The —- —- —— was captured by —— —- —— from the continental army it had been under the control of american —- —- —- —— winning this battle didn’t really do anything for the english since it had little strategic value and it just slowed down ——- advancement south.

battle of ticonderoga, general john burgoyne, general Arthur st. clair burgoyne’s

In the —- —- —— general john Burgoyne sent some of his forces to pursue the retreating American troops led by —— —- —— they were then ambushed but this only ——- Burgoyne’s main force

battle of Hubbardston, colonel Seth warner, delayed

In the —- —- —- general —- —- led an american militia force to relieve fort —— which was under siege by —- —- —-  this battle played a key role in —- the siege of fort ——.

battle of Oriskany, Nicholas Herkimer, stanwix, Barry st. leger, Stanwix

when the british attempted to capture fort stanwix the american defense under —- —- —- held strong later —- —- arrived to the battle with reinforcements that confused the native americans fighting for the british and lead them to ——.

colonel peter gansevoort, benedict arnold, retreat

The —- —- —- —- was the first major engagement of —— forces and the american forces under —- —— ——, where the americans were left ——-.

battle of freeman’s farm, burgoyne’s, general horatio gates, victorious

In the —- —- —- —- Burgoynes army was pushed into a —- —— horatio recived —— and launched an attack the british suffered a decisive —— and was a —- —— in the revolution that marked the ability of the —— ——-.

battle of bemis heights, defensive position, defeat, turning point, continental army

during the war the —- had been secretly supplying the Americans and —- —— bargained for two ——.

French, Benjamin franklin, treaties

*—- —— the two nations of america and france agreed to give each other favored treatment in matter of trade

commercial treaty

*—- —- —- france agreed to recognize the independence of the Us and to wage war on great Britian until america was free in return the us promised to defend the french west indes and both countries promised not to make separate peace to great britian

treaty of alliance

*—- — —— and —- —- —- were French officals sent to america to aid with the war

Baron de Kalb, Marquis de lafayette

*—- —- —— took charge of organizing and drilling the continental army

Baron von steuben

*—- —— and —- —— from Poland planned the amerian defenses of west point on the Hudson river and Bemis heights

Casimir Pulaski, Thaddeus Kosciusko

french support caused Britain to change their strategy first by replacing general howe with —- —- —— who had orders to strike the next blow at the southern states.

sir henry clinton

Sir Henry Clinton took troops from NJ to NY where he ran into washington and fought the —- —- —- —- —— which they —— it was —— on both sides and after this there was no more conflict in the ——.

battle of Monmouth court house, lost, indecisive, north

*—- —- —- —- —— began to clear the western lands of british troops, he suprised british forces at forts —- and —- and ——- he suffered a setback when the British retook ——- but he eventually overtook it again

Lieutenant colonel george rogers clark, Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Vincennes, Vincennes

The —- —- was a shift in the attack on the south where great britian hoped to gain the aid of the large number of —— in this area. they then forced —- —- ——- to surrender charleston which housed almost the entire amerian army

southern campaign, tories, general Charles Lincoln

*—- —- —— commanded the British armies in the southern states

General Charles Cornwallis

*—- —- (—— —-) , —- —- and —- —- were all individuals who led guerilla bands against the british forces

Francis Marion, swamp fox, andrew pickens, thomas sumter

*——- hunters and farmers not part of the regular army who stung the british with sabotage and surprise raids

guerillas

*—- —- —- was sent by congress with a small army to aid the guerillas and he was badly defeated at the battle of —- —- ——.

General Horatio Gates, camden South carolina

In the —- —- —- —— a frontier militia led by —- —- and —- —— defeated an army of torries

battle of kings mountain, isaac shelby, john sevier

*—- —— replaced Gates at the same time as the commander of the american forces in the south, him and —- —- —— supported by the guerillas made the British occupation of inland regions extremely ——.

Nathaniel greene, general daniel morgan, costly

In the —- — —- daniel Morgan defeated the british and two months later in the —- —- —— —- —- Cornwallis won but his losses were so great he abandoned his entire campaign and retreated back to NY.

battle of cowpens, battle of guilford court house

*—- where cronwallis based his army

Yorktown

The american army under leadership of —- —- — —-, —- —- — — —-, and —- — —- carefully watched the british but were too weak to attack

General Marquis de Lafayette, General Baron Friedrich von steuben, General anthony wayne

*—- — —- sent a messenger to washington where he said he could spare his fleet to be used by washington. washington then told him to place this fleet across the chespake to cut —- off from supplies and reinforcements.

admiral de grasse, cornwallis

In the —- —- —- instead of striking at NY washington and his army joined the French and america forces in the front of Yorktown. Here —- was ——- and eventually accepted —— and all serious fighting stopped here

siege of yorktown, cornwallis, trapped, defeat

*—- —- offered freedom to salves who joined the British forces

Lord dunmore

*—- —- and —- —- where balck americans who had been signled out for outstanding heroism

peter salem, salem poor

*—- —- —- published essays that satirized the british and she wrote about the revolution

mercy otis warren

*—— —- and —- —- took the places of their husbands in the war

margaret corbin, Molly pitcher

*—— —— was a young girl who dresses as a soldier and fought in the war

deborah sampson

The British had issues due to —— they had a large plot of land they had to take over and were handicap by needed to wait for ——-. They also made many —- and the Hessian soldiers weren’t very —— in the war.

geography, supplies, blunders, motivated

*—- —- —- commanded the american war ships his ship —- —- —- fought the english ship —- and won

John Paul Jones, Bon Homme richard, serapis

*—— were privately owned ships that fought against the british to steal their cargo

privateers

*—- —- —- —— was established and included many european countries whoes forces put a strain on the british navy

leauge of armed neutrality

The —- —- —- was the final treaty made at the end of the war

treaty of paris

The —- ——- were four men who determined the terms of the treaty including —- —-, —- —-, —- —-, —- —-

american commissioners, benjamin franklin, john jay, john adams, henry lauren

In the treaty american gained, —- ——, —- and —- ——

formal recognition, land, fishing rights

*—— declared the english do not make peace they buy it were very angary the French were represented in the peace talks until after decisions were reached

Vergennes