Book Exam Prep Pretest -general

Cholelithiasis

infestation of gallstones

Senses are a part of what system

peripheral nervous system

Sudoriferous gland

produce sweat/perspiration

ceruminous glands produce

earwax

parathyroid glands

endocrine glands imbedded in thyroid glands

sebaceous glands produce

sebum; to moisturize skin and scalp

adrenal glands produce

glucocorticosteroids; involve immunity

intentional torts

Deliberately causing harm

intentional torts include;

assault, battery, slander, libel, invasion of privacy, fraud, false imprisonment

unintentional torts

a harmful act not done on purpose

misfeasance

improper performance of a lawful act

malfeasance

illegal act that causes harm

nonfeasance

failure to perform a required act

First need in Maslow hierarchy

Physiological needs (air, water, food, shelter, clothing, sleep)

second need in Maslow hierarchy

Safety (personal security, financial security, stable environment)

third need in Maslow hierarchy

love and belonging (family, friendship, romance, affection)

fourth need in Maslow hierarchy

Esteem (self respect, confidence, reputation, recognition, achievement)

fifth and last need in maslow hierarchy

Self actualization (creativity, growth, morals, purpose)

care of a patient can NOT be terminated if

patient is using abusive language

Compound (open) fracture

bone breaks thru the skin

Simple fracture (closed)

bone is broken but skin is in tact

pathological fracture

occurs in bones weakened by diseases

Comminuted fracture

broken in three or more places

impacted fracture

jamming of one bone into another bone

sympathetic nervous system

responsible for fight or flight, increases HR,BP, glucose release. In creases respirations

In order for a negligence case to be valid, these four Ds must exist

Duty must be owed

duty must be breached

damages must occur

damages must be directly related

myelomeningocele

herniation of spinal cord and covering on the cord

Body tissues

Epithelial

connective

muscle

nervous

Epithelial tissue

the body’s lining and covering tissue, barrier for skin and organs

Connective tissue

body’s framework and glue; holds everything together, fills space, stores energy

muscle tissue

contracts to make things move

nervous tissue

body’s communication system; senses processes, sends signals

AC interference occurs when

there is electrical interference in the room

wandering baselines on ekgs occur when

electrodes are too tight or not completely attached

incorrect placements of electrodes in an ekg result in

artifacts (disturbances) than can mimic serious conditions like ischemia or gross arrythmia

patient movement during an ekg is referred to as

somatic tremors

when a plaintiff if found to be part responsible for injury and the provider is not held responsible this is called

contributory risk

Assumed risk

patient willingly accepts the risk

comparative risk

plaintiff and defendant (provider) are each assigned a portion of responsibility

technical defense

based on point of law being violated

intervening cause

extraneous variable that altered course of events

Foods high in antioxidants

Dark green, orange and yellow veggies

foods high in iron

Liver, organ meats and red meat

foods high in Vitamin C

Citrus

foods rich in vitamin D and calcium

dairy

Transverse plane

cuts body horizontally (upper half and lower half)

Saggital plane

divided body vertical from head to toe (may not be in equal halves)

frontal plane

divides body into front half and back half

midsaggital plane

divides body in right and left halves directly down the middle

Digestions of carbs begins where

in the mouth, getting broken down by amylase

Tort

crime against another person or property

misdemeanor

crime against state punishable by jail for less than one year

felonies

serious crimes punishable by jail for over one year

Negligence

when a provider fails to perform a duty and damages occur because of it

Minors can not make decisions about their own healthcare unless it involves

reproductive care, substance abuse, or psychiatric treatment

Minors are allowed to make their own healthcare decisions about anything when

emancipated by marriage, self supporting, or enlisted in the military

Are confused elderly patients allowed to make their own healthcare decisions

yes, unless they have been designated as incompetent

Parenteral route

introduction of substance into the body via a route other than the alimentary canal. (digestion tract, orally)

SA node is located in

the right atrium, near the superior vena cava

what is the SA node

pacemaker of the heart. starts each new beat

AV node is located

between the atria (upper chambers) and the ventricles (lower chambers)

what does the AV node do

controls timing of beats and slows down the impulses

Bundles of HIS

splits into left and right branches. runs from AV node into inter ventricular septum (wall between the ventricles)

What does the bundle of His do

“electric highway” delivers signals from AV node to ventricles after the AV slows.

Purkinje fibers are located

in the walls of the ventricles

what do Purkinje fibers do

spreads signal quickly throughout ventricles causing contractions to pump blood into lungs and body. messenger that helps lower heart chambers squeeze on time.

AC

before a meal

PC

after a meal

NOS

not otherwise specified

evidence beyond reasonable doubt

in criminal cases, the highest standard. jury or judge is almost completely sure.

preponderance

in civil cases. jury or judge is around 50% sure.

negative blood types

can only recieve blood from negative types of the same letter, or O-

positive blood types

can recieve positive and negative types of the same letter as well as O+ and O-

A can donate to

Type A or AB

B can donate to

type B or AB

AB can donate to

AB only

O can donate to

every type

1G =

1,000 mg

1 mg=

1,000 mcg

1L=

1,000 mL

1tsp=

5mL

1tbsp=

15mL

1oz=

30mL

1 cup=

240mL

Dosage formula

desired dose/dose on hand X quantity on hand

ex: doc orders 500mg, you have 250mg tabs. how many tabs do you need to give

500/250 X 1= 2 tabs

arteries

thick, elastic, carries blood away from the heart

veins

thin, fragile, return blood to the heart

sternocleidomastoid

back of the head into the sternum. Severe spasms of this muscle prevent moving or turning head and neck.

recuts abdominus

“six pack” muscle

sartorius muscle

longest in body, runs across the thigh and ends below the knee. flexes hip and knee

tendons

join muscle to bone

ligaments

join bone to bone

perisoteum

protective covering on outside of bone

cartilage

semi hard fibrous connective tissue

meninges

3 layered covering over brain and spinal cord

Schedule I drugs

high abuse potential, no accepted medical use. (heroin, lsd, ecstasy)

Schedule II

high abuse potential, accepted for medical use but can lead to dependence. (oxy, fentanyl, morphine) - can not get refills

Schedule III

mod-low potential for physical dependence, high psychological dependence. accepted for medical use. 5 refills allowed within 6mo. (tylenol, steroids, ketamine)

Schedule IV

low potential for abuse, accepted medical use. (xanax, ativan, ambien)

Schedule V

lowest potential for abuse. widely used medically and can get without prescription