HONORS World History Final Exam Review

bourgeoisie

Karl Marx's name for the wealthy professional and business owning class in society who exploit workers

proletariat

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

Which event led the United States to enter World War II?

Pearl Harbor

reason why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor

to destroy the U. S. fleet in the Pacific Ocean &

make the U. S. accept Japanese domination of the Pacific

Hitler's Final Solution

the genocide of Jews and any other people that Nazis considered inferior

D-Day Invasion

history's greatest naval invasion;

it forced Germany to fight on multiple fronts

Why did President Truman agree to use the atomic bomb?

end World War II quickly

what countries in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization agreed to do

provide mutual aid if any member nation was attacked

Warsaw Pact

The alliance between the Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe:

Eastern European states

containment

a plan to keep something, such as communism, within its existing geographical boundaries and to prevent further aggression

event in Sarajevo that ignited the Great War (World War I)

assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife Sophie

why Western nations desired lands in the Pacific Rim during the Age of Imperialism

natural resources and strategic location

Berlin Conference 1884-1885 result

Europeans divided Africa into colonies without consulting African leaders

Trench Warfare

What it was intended to accomplish: to protect soldiers from enemy gunfire on the front lines;

Some of its effects/conditions: Trench Foot, battle of attrition, extremely wet conditions

natural resources

Why did the Japanese, the Germans, and the Italians pursue a policy of expansionism before World War II?

fascism

a form of government in which one party holds all the power and there usually is a dictator; it was invented by Benito Mussolini.

imperialism

the practice of extending power over foreign lands

absolutism

when one person holds all the power in their country

communism

a political theory derived from Karl Marx in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

socialism

an economic and political philosophy characterized by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership

John Locke

An English Enlightenment philosopher who believed that the purpose of government was to secure and protect the inalienable, or natural, rights of the people: life, liberty, and property.

In the U. S. Declaration of Independence, it was written as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Patrick Henry

An American Revolutionary who said, "Give me liberty or give me death!"

Joseph Stalin

The second leader of the Soviet Union, he collectivized farms and created the Five Year Plan to industrialize the country; a brutal dictator; he gained control of the communist party because he purged his opposers and critics

During the Reign of Terror, who was safe from the guillotine?

no one

Put the events in order:

1. Japan conquers all of Manchuria and places a puppet emperor on its throne.

2. The League of Nations sends investigators to China and Japan withdraws from the League.

3. Japan sacks the Chinese capital city of Nanjing. The brutal event is known as the "Rape of Nanjing."

4. Japanese soldiers blow up the Manchurian Railway in the Mukden Incident.

Japanese soldiers blow up the Manchurian Railway in the Mukden Incident.

Japan conquers all of Manchuria and places a puppet emperor on its throne.

Japan sacks the Chinese capital city of Nanjing. The brutal event is known as the "Rape of Nanjing."

The League of Nations sends investigators to China and Japan withdraws from the League.

One economic cause of the French Revolution was an increase in prices because people were not able to purchase essential goods like _____________.

bread or food

appeasement

the policy of granting concessions to an aggressor nation to avoid war; policy that France, Britain, and Italy chose to follow at the Munich Conference in 1938

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

It promoted:

a more secular outlook

a faith in science

a belief in progress

It influenced American colonists, the literate middle class, and European thinkers and artists.

Toussaint L'Ouverture,

Simon Bolivar, &

Jose de San Martin

led independence movements in Latin America

Monroe Doctrine

American foreign policy which discouraged European powers from establishing colonies in Latin America and from interfering in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

Why did the United States go to war in Korea and Vietnam?

containment of communism, to stop it from spreading

arms race

the building up of weapons to keep up with an enemy

total war

a war with complete mobilization of a country's military, resources, and civilians

Industrial Revolution

the increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th-century

Second Industrial Revolution

(1871-1914) Involved development of chemical, electrical, oil, and steel industries. Mass production of consumer goods also developed at this time through the mechanization of the manufacture of food and clothing. It saw the popularization of cinema and radio. Provided widespread employment and increased production.

assembly line

In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product.

mass production

production of goods in large numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines

main reason why the Mexican Revolution was fought

to overthrow the dictator Porfirio Diaz

Which country had to take full blame for World War I?

Germany

urbanization

the trend of migration from rural areas to cities

the main cause of urbanization in 19th century Britain and western Europe

industrialization

Who were Enlightenment thinkers who influenced the United States Bill of Rights?

Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau

terms of the Treaty of Versailles

and

the effects on postwar Germany

Germany had to pay reparations and accept the war guilt clause (full blame for the war);

Effects: a bad German economy and bitterness for Germans

Why did Japan seize Manchuria and North Korea?

as a way to reach its goal, which was to take Siberia

What was the main reason why Hitler wanted to take Poland?

to control the Polish Corridor, which was territory to connect Germany to East Prussia (from post-World War I borders) and the Polish port city of Danzig ("think" lebensraum & trade)

Red Scare

the period when people feared that the USA was on the brink of a communist revolution (think: communist, red)

why India was called the "jewel in the crown"

during the Age of Imperialism, it was the most valuable of all of Britain's colonies

Kristallnacht: explain it as a demonstration of Nazi persecution of the Jews

Nazi troops attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues; "night of broken glass"

reasons why German troops were stopped from winning in the Soviet Union in World War I and World War II

harsh winters and fierce Soviet resistance

in the 1860s: leader of Prussian expansion

Otto von Bismarck

July 14, 1789:

what happened &

why July 14 is called Bastille Day now

a mob seeking gunpowder stormed the Bastille Prison;

it was a key event of the French Revolution

Which was Peter the Great's most significant trade accomplishment for Russia?

warm water port

What advantage did the German military strategy called blitzkrieg depend on?

surprise and overwhelming force

explain the Allies' strategy of "island hopping" in the Pacific Ocean in WWII

they attacked and retook certain islands that had strategic value while bypassing many other islands that were not important to their war strategy

What was unrestricted submarine warfare in WWI?

Germany's policy to sink any ship in British waters without warning

Why did European monarchs became absolute rulers?

as a response to religious and territorial conflicts that caused warfare and revolts

What law was explained by Sir Isaac Newton?

the law of universal gravitation (gravity)

The phrase "men are born and remain free and equal in rights" is in which document?

Declaration of the Rights of Man

from the French Revolution

Louis XVI

The absolute monarch and last king of France who was executed in 1793.

term for:

a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment in the late 1920s and in the 1930s, and the only one called "great"

the Great Depression

The following items are associated with which major world event?

The Stamp Act, Tea Act, First and Second Continental Congresses, General George Washington, Common Sense by Thomas Paine, the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, battles at Lexington, Concord, and Yorktown, popular sovereignty, a federal system of government, President George Washington, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights

the American Revolution

reason why Mussolini's movement was appealing to the Italian middle class

They thought a strong central government would prevent socialism and communism.

Hitler did not increase armaments production in the first two years of war because he didn't want to ruin ___________________.

the morale of the German citizens

reason why the U. S. got involved in wars

in Korea & Vietnam

to stop the spread of communism

Cold War

the geopolitical struggle between the Soviets (pro-communism) and the West (anti-communism) for allegiance of newly independent countries after World War II and ending with the fall of Communism in the Soviet Union at the end of the 1980s