Ch 12

Erikson theory

Involves the psychosocial crisis of industry versus inferiority, highlighting the need for children to develop a sense of competence.

Industry vs. Inferiority

The stage where children work toward a balance between their abilities and environmental expectations.

Self-concept

The understanding of one’s unique traits and strengths compared with peers.

Self-esteem

The value and perception one holds of oneself, crucial for identity development.

Self-efficacy

The belief in one’s capabilities to achieve specific goals, impacting motivation and performance.

Resilience

The ability to adapt well in the face of adversity and recover from setbacks.

Family role in development

Parents transition from authority figures to supporters, facilitating children's independence.

Family structure

Various configurations, such as single-parent or extended families, affecting children's growth.

Family function

How well families meet members’ physical and emotional needs, impacting emotional well-being.

Essential needs for children

Physical necessities such as food and shelter, along with learning opportunities and supportive relationships.

Impact of poverty

Increases parental stress levels, negatively affecting child development and well-being.

Divorce effects

Can disrupt stability but may also lead to healthier, conflict-free environments.

Drive for independence

An expanding social world where children rely more on peers for emotional support.

Friendship dynamics

Friendships in middle childhood are based on intimacy, emotional support, and social attributes.

Bullying

Repeated aggressive behaviors directed at individuals perceived as weaker.

Social status recognition

Children learn to navigate peer dynamics and hierarchies.

Moral development

The process of developing moral reasoning through social interactions, as described by Piaget.

Piaget's theory

Illustrates how children's moral reasoning matures through situational context.

Kohlberg's stages

Outlines the progression of moral judgment as children integrate personal beliefs with societal norms.

Healthy self-esteem

Balances positive perceptions with realism, linked to academic and social success.

Constructive feedback

Essential for fostering a healthy self-image during middle childhood.

Dynamic processes in resilience

Include positive adaptation and overcoming significant stress.

Stable environment

Essential for children’s emotional security and feeling valued.

Educational setting

Fosters peer interaction and social comparison that influence self-image.

Social comparison

Helps children develop a nuanced understanding of their identity.

Childhood autonomy

Increases as children grow, enhancing their social skills.

Conflict in families

Can negatively impact children’s emotional development.

Emotional support importance

Crucial for children’s psychological and social well-being.

Supportive peers

Important for children's emotional health and sense of belonging.

Psychosocial crisis resolution

Success leads to competence and self-confidence, while failure may result in feelings of inferiority.

Child development needs

Include nurturing environments that promote learning and support.

Effects of single-parent families

May lead to different challenges and support mechanisms in child development.

Complexity of peer dynamics

Children learn to recognize and navigate their social environments effectively.

Role of feedback from adults

Significantly shapes children’s self-concept and self-esteem.

Emergence of bullying

A critical issue that requires social and emotional learning interventions.

Peer relationships

Become increasingly important for companionship and support during middle childhood.

Role of family harmony

Contributes to children's feelings of security and value.

Expected competencies

Children compare their abilities against societal expectations during middle childhood.

Self-criticism awareness

Children start recognizing biases and prejudices within themselves.

Children's recognition of emotions

Important for navigating friendships and social interactions.

Factors impacting family function

Legal and genetic relationships that influence children's upbringing.

Need for emotional safety

Children thrive better in environments that provide emotional stability.

Social skills development

Enhanced through increased peer interactions in middle childhood.

Diverse family configurations

Affect how families support children's emotional and practical needs.

Navigating social hierarchies

Children learn to identify and navigate popularity and relationships.

Impact of family conflict

Can lead to long-term negative outcomes for children, including academic challenges.

Positive adaptation examples

Can include developing coping mechanisms in response to challenges.

Resilience training

Important for helping children deal with adversity effectively.