Human Anatomy and Physiology Circulatory System (copy)

Circulatory System

Transports oxygen and removes CO2, essential for homeostasis and cellular respiration.

Heart

Pumps blood throughout the body.

Arteries

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, except for the pulmonary artery.

Veins

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, except for the pulmonary vein.

Pulmonary Circulation

Brings blood to the lungs and back for oxygenation.

Systemic Circulation

Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

Carry oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide.

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

Fight infections and contribute to the immune response.

Platelets

Stop bleeding by promoting blood clotting.

Plasma

Liquid component of blood that carries cells and nutrients.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Inhalation

The process of drawing air into the lungs by contracting the diaphragm and expanding the ribs.

Exhalation

The process of expelling air from the lungs by relaxing the diaphragm and squeezing the ribs.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing sensory information and controlling movements.

Frontal Lobe

Brain region responsible for cognitive functions like planning, decision-making, and personality.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves that carry signals to and from the CNS.

Somatic System

Part of the PNS that controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Autonomic System

Part of the PNS that regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.