period 0 gold

what traditional methods were used by the song dynasty to maintain their rule?

confucianism and imperial bureaucracy

what Chinese cultural traditions influenced east Asia?

filial piety and Neo-confucianism

which new sects emerge within buddhism?

Theravada, Mahayana, and tibetan

what are some examples of song china’s technological innovations?

grand canal expansion and champa rice

how did islam spread?

merchants, missionaries, military expansion, and sufis

what were some areas of intellectual advancement within dar al-islam?

trigonometry, literature/ poetry, and medical schools and hospitals

what are some cultural transfers in and out of dar al-islam?

preservation of greek philosophies and scholarly transfers throughout Spain

what were the new islamic political entities of this period?

Seljuk empire and mamluk sultanate

what role did religion play in southeast asian societies?

syncretism

what were the primary state systems in the americas?

aztecs and inca

what were the primary state systems in Africa?

ethiopia, Mali, hausa kingdoms, and great Zimbabwe

how was Europe politically fragmented?

decentralized monarchies and feudalism

what new trading cities emerged due to the expansion of trade on the Silk Road?

kashgar and Samarkand

due to the increased demand of luxury goods on the Silk Road, what was china producing in this period?

silk, porcelain, iron, and steel

what innovations led to the expansion of the Silk Road?

caravanserai and forms of credit

what new trading cities emerged due to the expansion of trade in the Indian Ocean basin?

swahili city-states, Gujarat, and sultanate of Malacca

what innovations led to the expansion of Indian Ocean trade?

compass, astrolabe, dhows/ junks, and environmental knowledge of monsoon winds

what innovations led to the expansion of trans-saharan trade?

camel saddles and camel caravans

what were some environmental diffusions through trade?

disease and crops

who were some travelers that wrote about their journeys?

ibn battuta, Marco Polo, and Margery Kempe

other than technological innovations, what caused the expansion of trade networks?

expansion of empires

as a result of conflicts, what technological and cultural transfers occurred?

islamic medical knowledge to Europe, numbering systems to Europe, and mongol adoption to the Uyghur script

what technological innovations spread due to the expansion of china?

gunpowder and paper