Digital Image Processing, Display, and Health Information Management

A comprehensive set of flashcards summarizing key concepts and terminology from the lecture on Digital Image Processing, Display, and Health Information Management.

What is the purpose of digital image processing?

To optimize the image for display using various computer algorithms.

What are the two main stages of digital image processing?

Pre-processing and post-processing.

What does preprocessing refer to in digital image processing?

Operations performed on raw image data to prepare it for further processing and display.

How is a histogram constructed in digital image processing?

It represents the range of digital pixel values versus their relative prevalence.

What is histogram analysis in image processing?

An image processing technique to identify edges of exposure fields and assess exposure data values.

What is the role of exposure indicators (EIs) in digital images?

To assess the quality of the digital image based on radiation exposure.

What distinguishes vendor-specific EIs from universal standards?

Vendor-specific EIs vary between manufacturers, while universal standards are consistent across systems.

What is meant by the term 'Values of Interest' (VOI)?

The range of histogram data that should be included in the displayed image.

What is automatic rescaling in digital imaging?

A process that maintains consistent image brightness regardless of overexposure or underexposure.

What can contribute to poor exposure selection by a technologist?

Rescaling errors caused by poor collimation or positioning.

What is a Lookup Table (LUT) used for in digital imaging?

To alter the display of an image by changing pixel values.

How does altering the original pixel values affect the processed image?

It changes the contrast level and display characteristics of the image.

What effect does window width have on image contrast?

A narrow window width increases contrast, while a wide window width decreases it.

What is the significance of the Grayscale Standard Display Function (GSDF)?

It ensures consistent display characteristics for grayscale and image quality.

What is the Deviation Index (DI)?

A value that reflects the difference between target and actual exposure levels.

What values indicate overexposure or underexposure in the DI?

A DI greater than +1.0 SD indicates overexposure, while a DI less than -1.0 SD indicates underexposure.

What does DICOM stand for and what is its purpose?

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine, used for managing medical images.

How do quality control measures relate to image data management?

They are essential for ensuring that radiographic equipment and image data function properly.

What information is found in the DICOM header?

Accession number, patient identification, examination date, exposure information.

What is the function of teleradiology?

To interpret diagnostic images remotely, providing consultations and expertise.

What are the key benefits of using a high-resolution display monitor in radiology?

Improves diagnostic interpretations by providing better image quality.

What is the function of the health information management (HIM) system?

To manage patient health information, including electronic records and imaging data.

What does HIPAA protect in health informatics?

The privacy and confidentiality of patients' protected health information (PHI).

What does the term 'soft copy viewing' refer to in digital imaging?

Viewing digital images on computer workstations using specialized software.

What is an example of a preprocessing correction?

Flat fielding to correct nonuniformity of pixel values.

What are automatic rescaling errors?

Mistakes that can arise from poor imaging conditions affecting image quality.

Why is pixel bit-depth important in image quality?

It determines the number of shades of gray displayed, affecting contrast resolution.

Describe the significance of monitor luminance in digital imaging.

It measures brightness intensity and affects the quality of displayed images.

What does the term 'electronic masking' refer to?

Altering the regions viewed on the displayed digital image.

What factors are crucial for assessing image quality?

Exposure conditions, collimation, and positioning.

How do digital images allow for better contrast resolution?

By utilizing a higher bit-depth to display more shades of gray.

What is the maximum recommended luminance ratio for display monitors?

Greater than 250 for improved image contrast.

What is the relationship between window level and image brightness?

The window level controls the midpoint of brightness visible in the image.

What challenges does teleradiology face?

Data transmission, storage, archives, and ensuring security.

How do artifacts affect digital imaging?

They can make images appear falsely clear or distorted, impacting diagnosis.

What critical role do health information systems (HIS) play in radiology?

They store and manage protected health information (PHI) for patients.

What is meant by 'lossless' and 'lossy' image compression?

Lossless compression retains all image data, while lossy compression may reduce image quality.

Identify one common operation performed during post-processing.

Contrast enhancement to improve image clarity.

How does window width affect shades of gray in an image?

It varies the range of gray shades visible, influencing image contrast.

What is the importance of using the correct LUT in image processing?

To ensure accurate display characteristics and maintain image quality.

What does the term 'data management' encompass in health informatics?

Collection, documentation, maintenance, protection, and privacy of patient data.

How do modern imaging practices improve patient outcomes?

By ensuring efficient methods for acquisition, storage, and display of digital images.

What are the main components of a Medical Image Management and Processing System (MIMPS)?

Acquisition, distribution, storage, and display of medical images.

What advancements can Artificial Intelligence (AI) bring to radiology?

Aiding in image interpretation and improving diagnostic accuracy.

What is the role of the radiology information system (RIS)?

To manage and store imaging data specific to radiology.

What may happen if a histogram analysis error occurs?

It could lead to misinterpretation of image exposure and quality.

Why is it essential to digitally transmit medical images?

To facilitate quick and accurate diagnoses across healthcare facilities.

What is the impact of ambient lighting on digital image quality?

It can affect how an image is displayed and perceived by the viewer.

What can cause a discrepancy in exposure indicators?

Variations in imaging conditions and vendor calculation methods.

How does improving digital image quality benefit patients?

By providing accurate diagnostics that can lead to better treatment outcomes.

What is the recommended pixel pitch for high-quality monitors?

0.200 mm at a standard viewing distance.

How do practice standards affect radiographers?

They guide the ethical handling of PHI and decision-making during imaging.

What do high-resolution monitors allow for in radiology?

They enhance the detail seen in diagnostic interpretations.

What is the benefit of using a cloud-based MIMPS?

It allows for increased collaboration and data access across healthcare facilities.

What two major standards facilitate medical image sharing?

DICOM and Health Level Seven Standard (HL7).

What is the purpose of a histogram in digital imaging?

To visualize and analyze the distribution of pixel values.