Embryogenesis and Early Development: Processes, Structures, and Germ Layers

what 2 processes define embryogenesis

cell division and differation

Which structure forms from the inner cell mass?

embryo

Gastrulation gives rise to

3 primary germ layers

what are the 3 primary germ layers

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

The notochord is the future location of

Vertebral column

what does the epiblast contribute to?

ectoderm and mesoderm

what does the hypoblast detach from

yolk sac

define Monozygotic

1 fertilization, morula splits, and may share placenta

define Dizygotic

2 fertilizations, genetically different, and always 2 separate embryos

what happens during fertilization

2 haploid gametes fuse to create a diploid zygote

what is the end product of clevage

morula

what is meroblastic clevage

incomplete clevage

What is a morula?

A solid ball of blastomeres within a zona pellucida

what do trophoblasts form

chorion and amnion

What do inner blastomeres form

gap junctions

During the separation of the trophoblasts and the inner cell mass what happens

the zona pellucida begins to degrade

Where does the inner cell mass migrate to

endoderm

Gastrulation begins with a _________ and the formation of the __________

blastocyst, embryonic disc

what is the primitive streak

the longitudinal axis of the embryo

Where is the notochord located

along the primitive streak

how many cervical vertebrae are there

seven

What are the 3 layers of skin

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Which layer of skin is the "tough" layer

Dermis

Which layer of skin is the "waterproof" layer

Epidermis

Which layer of skin is the "fat tissue" layer

hypodermis

What animal does not have a planum nasale

horse

What does the hair follicle do?

Anchor the hair to the dermis

What is the hair bulb?

deepest part of hair follicle

What is the papilla

mound of dermal cells

What are the 3 phases of hair growth

anagen, catagen, telogen

What gives hair its color

Pigment in the cortex and medulla of the hair shaft

What produces melanin

Melanocytes and the base of the hair follicle

Sebaceous glands store an oily, lipid substance called

sebum

Where are tail glands located

base of the tail

What process is important for maintaining good traction, defense, and catching prey

Ungual process

How many digets does a horse have?

one

How many hooves does a cow have per foot?

4

Abaxial and adaxial are both based on the location of the

medial plane

Proximal and distal are both based on the location of the

main body

Diagnostic sampling is for what type of recumbency?

lateral and sternal

Surgical procedures are for what type of recumbency?

dorsal

Supination is when you rotate the palm

upward

Pronation is when you rotate the palm

downward

What part of the body is the Hock

ankles

What part of the body is the stifle

knee

What part of the body is the whiter

shoulder

What part of the body is the brisket

cranial thorax

How long is the embryonic period in dogs, sheep, cats, pigs, etc

30 days

How long is the embryonic period in equine, cattle, humans, etc

60 days

What is the fetal period?

from embryonic period to parturition

Anatomy definition

form and structure of the body

Physiology definition

Function of the body

What is the only thing that changes from animal to animal when dealing with vertebrae

size

How many thoracic vertebrae are there

13

How many lumbar vertebrae are there

7

How many sacral vertebrae are there

3

What membrane is the thoracic cavity covered by

pleura

What membrane is the abdominal cavity covered by?

peritoneum

What structure separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity?

diaphram

What are the four types of tissue?

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

What are the three types of muscle tissue? And which ones can we control

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

epithelium tissue example

skin

connective tissue example

bones

smooth tissue example

stomach