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Hydrohalogenation
H-X is regioselective (mark +). IF carbocation RAR possible then a mix of products is obtainted. Not really super useful
Hydrohalogenation 1
Hydrohalogenation 2 (Be careful peroxides)
Acid-Catalyzed Hydration
Markovnikov + of H and OH over alkene. Synthetically very useful.
Reversal of alcohol to alkene. Elination reaction
Uses heat=less h2o or just a more concentrated acid
Oxymercuration-demurcuration
Markovnikov addition of H and OH across alkene without carbocation rar
Hydroboration oxidation
Anti Markovnikov addition of H and OH across alkene. Syn addition.
Hydroboration Oxidation
Hydrogenation
gives syn addition of H’s over alkene. Reduces double and triple bonds to single bonds. Only makes syn products in cases where stereo centers are formed
Bromination
Anti addition over alkene of Br and Br over alkene
Halohydrin formations
anti addition of Br and OH across the alkene with OH being installed at the more substituted position. 3 ring bridged intermediate is attacked by OH.
Anti dihydroxylation. MCPBA and Ch3CO3H (peroxyacetic acid) are both peroxy acids (strong oxidizing agents)
Epoxide intermeidate. Ring opening to form trans-diol via aqueous acid.
Syn Dihydroxylation: KMnO4, NaOH, Cold
Gives the same OH and OH over the alkene. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing agent and can cause further oxidation of the diol so OsO4 is used more often
Ozonolysis
Cleavage of C=C sp2 bonds can open a ring or make two products with a c=o in place of the other Carbon in the C=C bond