Chapter 2 Class Antihypertensive Therapies Notes

Flashcards covering key concepts related to blood pressure, its regulation, and pharmacological treatments discussed.

What is blood pressure?

Force of blood on arteries; Cardiac Output * Peripheral Vascular Resistance.

What is the normal blood pressure range?

Systolic: less than 120 and Diastolic: less than 80

What is considered elevated blood pressure?

Systolic: 120-129 and Diastolic: less than 80

What defines High Blood Pressure Stage 1?

Systolic: 130-139 or Diastolic: 80-89

What defines High Blood Pressure Stage 2?

Systolic: Above 140 or Diastolic: Above 90

What defines a Hypertensive Crisis?

Systolic: Above 180 and/or Diastolic: Above 120

List lifestyle changes to help lower Blood Pressure.

Lowering sodium intake, weight loss control, and exercise.

List medication classes used to treat high blood pressure.

Diuretics, ACE Inhibitors, Calcium Channel Blockers.

How do diuretics work to lower blood pressure?

Diuretics make you pee out extra water and salt. Less fluid in your blood means lower blood pressure.

Give examples of Loop Diuretics.

Lasix and Bumex.

What are indications for taking Loop Diuretics?

Edema due to renal, cardiac failure, and heart failure management

What is a adverse effect of prolonged Thiazide Diuretics use?

Potassium loss

What are weaker potassium sparing diuretics used for?

Combined therapy, resistant hypertension, and heart failure.

What are some adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors?

Dry cough, fever, headache, and rash

How do Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers work?

They block a substance that tightens blood vessels, helping them relax.

How do Calcium Channel Blockers work?

Prevents calcium from entering cells, reducing muscle contraction in the heart and blood vessels.

What are some adverse effects of Calcium Channel Blockers?

1st Degree heart block, headache, and fatigue

What is the function of Beta Adrenergic Blockers?

They target adrenaline receptors in the heart to lower how much blood it pumps and chill out the kidneys.

What are potential side effects of Vasodilators?

Tachycardia and reflex stimulation of the heart.

What defines Hypertensive Emergencies?

A blood pressure of 180/120 mmHg or greater.