Limitations of bonding diagrams and the particle model

Pros/cons of dot and cross diagrams for giant ionic structures

Pro- we know exactly where electrons are coming from

Cons- don't show the structure or size of the ionic compound or how the ions are arranged.

Pros and cons of ball and stick model for giant ionic structures

Pro- Can visualise the shape and arrangement of the molecule because

Cons

- Fails at indicating the movement of electrons

- The atoms are placed far apart from each other, which in reality is not the case as the gaps between atoms are much smaller

- Only show a portion of the structure, so cannot get an idea of the sie

Cons of 2D model for giant ionic structures

- it does not show where the ions are located on the other layers.

- Cannot give you an idea of the shape of a molecule

Pros and cons of 3D model for giant ionic structures

Advantages:3D drawings and models depict the arrangement in space of the ionsAlso show the repeating pattern in giant lattice structures

Disadvantages:Only illustrate the outermost layer of the compoundAre difficult and time-consuming to draw

Cons of 2d for covalent

- Doesn't give an idea of outer electrons that are not in bonds

- Can't tell which electron came from which atom

Limitations of particle model

- particles are represented by solid inelastic spheres, when actually they are different shapes

- assumes there are no forces between particles.

The amount of energy required for a change in state depends on

the strength of the forces between the particles

The stronger the forces between the particles...

- the more energy required to overcome these forces so

- the higher the melting point and boiling point of the substance