Unit4.2Key Concepts in Social Identity and Group Dynamics

Societies

Organizations of individuals

Culture

A Common set of beliefs

Social identity

A person's self-perception based on group memberships and how they are seen in the world.

Personal identity

How individuals define themselves as unique individuals.

Intersectionality

The idea that various social and political identities, like race, gender, class, and sexual orientation, intersect and create unique experiences of privilege and oppression.

Primary group

Closest group that individuals create.

Secondary group

A group of friends who have shared interests or values with you.

In-group

Group of individuals with a shared identity.

Out-group

Outside your group with shared identity.

Reference group

A social group that individuals use as a point of comparison when forming their attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors.

Stereotypes

A stereotype is an oversimplified and often negative generalization about a group of people.

Prejudice

Attitude or feeling, usually negative, towards a group based on a stereotype.

Discrimination

Treating someone unfairly or less favorably because of characteristics like race, age, gender, disability, or other protected characteristics.

Implicit Bias

Negative attitudes against a group that you are not consciously aware of.

Outgroup homogeneity bias

It's the idea that 'they are alike' and 'we are diverse'.

Ingroup bias

Favoring members of one's ingroup over others.

Just-world phenomenon

Belief that people get what they deserve.

Belief perseverance

Only sees evidence that supports the position, despite evidence that says otherwise.

Cognitive dissonance

Attitudes and behaviors contradict each other.

Social norms

Certain expectations or behaviors in society.

Social influence theory

States that society puts pressure on its members to conform to specific standards.

Normative

People refer to those who follow norms.

Informational

People refer to others whom they believe have more information.