AP World Chapter 23 Vocab

Asian Sea Trading Network

Prior to intervention of Europeans, consisted of three zones: Arab zone based on glass, carpets, and tapestries; india zone based on cotton textiles; China zone based on paper, porcelain, and silks.

Mercantilists

Economic thinkers who argued that a ruler's and kingdom's power depended on the amount of precious metals they controlled. This led to an emphasis on using manufactured goods rather than gold or silver in commercial exchanges with other nations or empires.

Ormuz

Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located at southern end of Persian Gulf; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network

Goa

Portuguese factory or forti-fied trade town located on western India coast; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network.

Factories

European trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants; utilized throughout Portuguese trading empire to assure secure landing places and commerce.

Batavia

Dutch fortress located after 1620 on the island of Java.

Dutch Trading Empire

The Dutch system extending into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products.

Luzon

Norther island of Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560s; site of major Catholic missionary effort.

Mindanao

Southern island of Philippines; a Muslim kingdom that was able to successfully resist Spanish conquest.

Francis Xavier

Spanish Jesuit missionary: worked in India in 1540s among the outcaste and lower caste groups: made little headway among elites.

Robert di Nobili

Italian Jesuit missionary: worked in India during the early 1600s; introduced strategy to convert elites first, strategy later widely adopted by Jesuits in various parts of Asia; mission eventually failed.

Hongwu

First Ming emperor in 1368, originally of peasant lineager original name Zhu Yuanzhang: drove put Mongol influence: restored position of scholar-gentry.

Macao and Canton

The port cities in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty

Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall

Jesuit scholars in court of Ming emperors; skilled scientists; won few converts to Christianity

Chongzhen

Last of the Ming emperors; committed suicide in 1644 in the face of a Jurchen capture of the Forbidden City at Beijing

Oda Nobunaga

Japanese daimyo; first to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed last of Ashikaga shoguns; unified much of central Honshu under his command.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

General under Nobunaga; succeeded as leading military power in central Japan; continued efforts to break power of daimyos; constructed a series of alliances that made him military master of Japan In 1590; died in 1598.

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established Tokugawa shogunate; established political unity in Japan.

Edo

Tokugawa capital city; modern-day Tokyo; center of the Tokugawa shogunate.

Deshima

Island in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of the islands in the 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships were permitted to enter.

School of National Learning

New ideology that laid emphasis on Japan's unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of Chinese imports such as Confucianism; typical of Japan in 18th century.