Chapter 2 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering physical and chemical properties, changes, measurement tools, and density/volume formulas based on Chapter 2 review notes.

Mass

The amount of matter in an object.

Volume

The amount of space occupied by an object.

Density

The mass per unit volume of a substance, or the amount of mass contained in a given volume.

Balance

A tool used to measure the mass of an object.

Graduated Cylinder

A tool used to measure the volume of a liquid.

Meniscus

The curved surface of a liquid in a graduated cylinder.

Water Displacement

The method used to find the volume of an irregularly shaped object by placing it in water.

Physical Property

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance into a new substance.

Chemical Property

A characteristic that describes how a substance can undergo a chemical reaction or form a new substance.

Malleability

The ability of a substance to be hammered or pressed into thin sheets.

Ductility

The ability of a substance to be pulled into wires.

Flammability

The property that describes how easily a substance burns.

Physical Change

A change in which no new substance is produced, such as a change in size, shape, or state of matter.

Chemical Change

A change in which one or more new substances are produced.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance.

Hardness

The ability of a substance to resist being scratched or changed by force.

Reactivity

The ability of a substance to react with another substance.

Color

A physical property that can be observed by looking at whether a substance is red, blue, white, etc.

Precipitate

A solid produced during some chemical reactions.

Formula for Density

$$\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$$

Formula for Mass

$$\text{Mass} = \text{Density} \times \text{Volume}$$

Formula for Volume (from Density)

$$\text{Volume} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Density}}$$

Formula for Volume of a Rectangular Solid

$$\text{Volume} = \text{Length} \times \text{Width} \times \text{Height}$$

Clues of a Physical Change

Change in size, change in shape, change of state, melting, freezing, cutting, crushing, and breaking.

Clues of a Chemical Change

A new substance is formed, gas is produced, unexpected color change, temperature change, burning, rusting, or precipitate formation.