My Course Test 1

Provides the necessary electrical power to make the computer operate

Power supply

What type of connector is this?

HD15

What type of connector is this?

RJ-11

What type of connector is this?

RJ-45

What type of connector is this?

RG-6

What type of connector is this?

RG-59

What type of connector is this?

DVI

What type of connector is this?

HDMI

What type of connector is this?

eSATA

What type of connector is this?

DisplayPort

What type of connector is this?

PS/2

ATX voltage standard provides what DC voltage levels

±5, ±12, and +3.3V

What V is used to power onboard electronics?

5V and 3.3V

Used to elimimate the variations in raw power supplied to the wall

Surge protection

Supply AC power during power sags or outages

Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

What are the basic parts of a hard drive?

Platters, read/write heads, actuator arm

What is the original type of hard drive storage?

Hard Disk Drives

The faster the rotational speed

The faster the read/write process of the drive

What happens when the rotational speed goes faster?

More noise and heat

Storage device with moving parts

Hard Disk Drive

Storage device with no moving parts

Solid State Drive

How do SSDs store data?

In memory modules as a series or positive and negative charges

What are the common hard drive interfaces?

Parallel ATA, Serial ATA, PCIe, Serial Attached SCSI

A standard SATA drive requires what?

SATA power connector, SATA data

True or False: SATA connectors can also be used for other non-hard drive components such as optical drives.

True

Mounts directly to the motherboard, no cables

M.2

What is the Next General Form Factor?

M.2

What are some external storage devices?

External hard drive, USB disk drive, memory cards

What are the components of computing?

Hardware, OS, Applications/programs

The physical things you can touch

Hardware

Controls the hardware

OS

Enable the user to do specific tasks on a computing device

Applications/programs

What are the stages of computing?

Input, processing, output

What are the basic hardware components?

System unit, CPU, RAM, Hard drive

All processing and storage takes place here

System unit

Primary component within the system unit

CPU

Holds programs that are currently being used

RAM

Holds programs not currently being used

Hard drive

These are needed for CPU operation to read and/or write data

Data bus, Address bus

Simply carries data

Data bus

Can read and write data

Data bus

Designates a specific physical address

Address bus

Max number of clock cycles the CPU can handle in a given amount of time (Hz)

Clock speed

Provides a signal to the CPU telling it that it is time to read an instruction and perform an operation

Clock chip

Keeps copies of frequently used instructions

Cache

Happens when the CPU operates at a higher speed than the RAM can supply information

Wait state or pipeline stall

Throttle back during periods of low load

Speed Step

Ramp up during periods of high load

Turbo boost

Concept of running more than one OS

Virtualization

Virtualization that runs directly on top of the host hardware and has direct access to the hardware

Hardware-based Virtualization

Virtualization that is installed on top of the host machines OS

Software-based Virtualization

How a device appears to the user or OS

Logical core

An actual device or arrangement

Physical core

Allows logical core to appear as physical core to the OS

Hyper-threading

Video processing portion of the computer

GPU

CPU Architectures

Complex Instruction Set Computer and Reduced Instruction Set Computer

Extremely powerful and require less code for programs to run

Complex Instruction Set Computer

Leaner and faster but requires more code

Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)

Feature of CPU sockets designed ro make installation of a CPU easier

Zero Insertion Force (ZIF)

CPU problems fall into these

Overheating and catastrophic failure

Package types

Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM) and Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (SODIMM)

Types of RAM

Static and Dynamic

Made of MOSFETS and flip flops, does not need to be refreshed, used for cache, more expensive

Static RAM

Made of MOSFETs and capacitors, must be refreshed, used for main system memory, less expensive

Dynamic RAM

Measured in clock cycles (CL1, CL2)

Latency

The lower the CL value

The better the performance

On boards with 4 or more slots

paired slots (color coded usually)

If memory error is suspected

Reseating the RAM or swap with another module

The physical size of the motherboard and general location of components and ports

Form factor

Commonly found in laptops and mobile devices

Proprietary form factors

Defines the type of processor and RAM the motherboard requires

Chipset

Allows for the addition of new hardware to a computer system

Expansion bus

Latest, fastest, and most popular expansion bus

PCI Express

Tell the OS how to interact with an expansion card

Device drivers

Device drivers are also known as

Firmware

The most difficult problems to solve

Ethereal

Prevent motherboard failures

Cleaning

A common, general purpose connection for use within the installation of peripherals

Universal serial bus

What color USB port is the fastest?

Red

What does a yellow USB port indicate?

That the port is always on

Used for various serial connections

Serial connector (COM)

Used to connect a video device such as a monitor, degraded signal quality over long distances

VGA (HD15)

Carries video

Digital Visual Interface (DVI)

Carries both sound and video

High-definition media interface

What is the most common type of computer display crystal?

Liquid display crystal

How do LCDs work?

On the principle of the polarity of light

What provides the instructions needed for a device to perform a set of basic tasks?

Basic Input Output Services

Tests the CPU, RAM, and GPU

Before video test

What are beeps in the before video test

Errors

The first method to troubleshoot and Windows boot problem

Safe mode

If a problem is not in Safe Mode, what can be assumed?

Default settings and basic drivers are not the issue

This is a peer network, no computer has control over any other computer.

Workgroups

What do domains require?

A server to control access to the network and its resources

How many computers can be in a domain?

Thousands

When is the file system on a hard drive established?

During formatting

An effective way to see if the correct driver is installed, if Windows detected the correct piece of hardware, or if there is a resource sharing conflict.

Device manager

What does Windows defender do?

Filters network data transmission, block harmful communications, turn TCP/IP ports on or off, and provides the computer with protection from attacks by filtering traffic

The study of communication process among various computing devices pr computer systems which are linked together in order to exchange information to share resources.

Networking

Smallest and most basic type of network, managed by one person or a single device

Personal Area Network (PAN)

The most common and original network, connects groups of computers across short distances

Local Area Network (LAN)